Entrepreneurship In A Time Of Social Justice Advocacy

This book offers a critique of social justice theory and its impact on entrepreneurship scholarship. It traces its deep roots in postmodernism by positioning entrepreneurship within these new intellectual, social, and economic environments. It highlights current philosophical assumptions, with implications for boundary conditions that we apply as scientists. Science depends on theoretical assumptions and boundary conditions. Unfortunately, a glaring weakness in entrepreneurship research has been its general failure to identify these premises. No theory is universally applicable, so its assumptions and boundary conditions are what give it analytical power. Where do they come from? Simply stated, they come from a theory's philosophy of science. However, even more rare than stating assumptions and boundary conditions is to discuss a study's governing philosophy. In fact, no known research published in entrepreneurship has discussed a study's philosophical orientation. This provocative work details postmodern concerns related to critical theory, their origins, their status, and specifically how they impact entrepreneurship and those who are not designated as either the victimized or part of the white patriarchy. It will challenge the current direction of entrepreneurship research and confront the general acceptance of the tenets of postmodernism among management scholars.

This book explores leadership and management in social sector organizations, which include, NGOs, non-profits, social enterprises, social businesses, and cross-sector collaborations focusing on advancing human dignity and social justice. It provides social sector leaders with an overview of current trends, issues, and challenges in the field as well as best practices to foster effective programs, sustain organizations and meet the growing demands of the sector. The enclosed chapters cover topics such as cross-sector organizational design, innovation for client services, gender management dynamics, policy advocacy, and the growing social entrepreneurship movement. The social sector is currently in a vibrant, dynamic, and exciting stage. The sector’s role and relevance to advancing human dignity and social justice is greater than ever. The number and types of social sector organizations have increased exponentially around the world and are offering extraordinary and much needed contributions toward an array of social issues. The traditional NGOs and non-profit organizations continue to be an integral part of the global civil society. At the same time, the emerging organizational forms under the social entrepreneurship umbrella are providing new momentum and excitement within and outside of the social sector. The interest in social entrepreneurship is encouraging existing social sector entities to actively embrace and encourage innovation. This interest is also inspiring a new breed of professionals and organizations to contribute to the social sector. This trend falls under the larger social sector dynamic promoting the creation of “hybrid” and emergent organizational forms, which cross and combine the traditional non-profit and for-profit domains. Despite the increased interest, the social sector still faces challenges around the world. CIVICUS – an international group promoting civil society organizations and groups-- recently reported a rise in the restrictions on civil society activities in a number of countries through worsening policy and legal environments. Funding challenges for the social sector are thus becoming more significant. At the same time, the calls for social sector accountability and emphasis on results and impact are growing. This book aims to offer approaches and tools which allow for the bridging of demands between creativity and accountability, between inspiration and results, and between gaining individual commitment and shared ownership of agendas and achievements, all of which are needed to effectively operate in the changing social sector.

The book discusses the implications of globalization on education from the perspective of social justice. It looks at two countries — India and the UK — to look at how global economic and cultural processes are mediated through nation states, institutional structures and the aspirations of different social groups. It seeks to resituate the debates around education and social justice in policy, research and public discourse by highlighting the need for a more nuanced understanding of globalization and education. It also demonstrates the effects of economic dimensions — the politics of neoliberalism, and how this has shifted the understanding of state responsibilities and marginalized issues pertaining to the agenda of social justice.

Too often, depictions of women's rise in corporate America leave out the first generation of breakthrough women entrepreneurs. Here, Edith Sparks restores the careers of three pioneering businesswomen--Tillie Lewis (founder of Flotill Products), Olive Ann Beech (cofounder of Beech Aircraft), and Margaret Rudkin (founder of Pepperidge Farm)--who started their own manufacturing companies in the 1930s, sold them to major corporations in the 1960s and 1970s, and became members of their corporate boards. These leaders began their ascent to the highest echelons of the business world before women had widespread access to higher education and before there were federal programs to incentivize women entrepreneurs or laws to prohibit credit discrimination. In telling their stories, Sparks demonstrates how these women at once rejected cultural prescriptions and manipulated them to their advantage, leveraged familial connections, and seized government opportunities, all while advocating for themselves in business environments that were not designed for women, let alone for women leaders. By contextualizing the careers of these hugely successful yet largely forgotten entrepreneurs, Sparks adds a vital dimension to the history of twentieth-century corporate America and provides a powerful lesson on what it took for women to succeed in this male-dominated business world.

People have been advocating and standing up for social justice issues throughout history. From one social movement to the next, from one influential person to another, we as an American society are constantly attempting to progress towards a better tomorrow. If you’ve ever found yourself passionate or upset about any or all of the issues and causes going on in the United States, you’re not alone. People often feel the same way, but don’t know where to begin to even try to make a change. Some may even think there’s no use because they don’t know where to start. That’s where this handy book comes in! In this guide, we’ll go over everything you need to know to get started on the exciting path of social justice advocacy, including: • A brief overview of how the United States government works • How to build relationships with government officials • Different kinds of social justice events • Basic aspects of advocacy everyone should know • Glossary of important terminology • Resources for further learning • …and more! So, choose a pencil or pen and grab a notebook, or I suppose a tablet or computer nowadays. Then find a seat, get comfortable, and welcome to Social Justice Advocacy 101! About the Expert Selys Rivera is a writer with a passion for social justice. She has a Bachelor of Arts in English Writing and a Master of Social Work. She has worked and volunteered at organizations focused on a variety of causes, including helping farmworkers, the Hispanic and Latinx community, and at-risk high school students. She has also been published in magazines and blogs covering different social justice topics, including urban poverty, food and land justice, immigration, and sexual violence on college campuses and in the church. She is grateful for the opportunity HowExpert has given her to share her knowledge of the advocacy world that she has accumulated over the years. She also wants to dedicate a special shout out to her friends and family for their support in the creation of this book, whether it was from something as small as cheerleading to as large as editing. You know who you are. Thank you! HowExpert publishes quick 'how to' guides on all topics from A to Z by everyday experts.

In the Information Age, historically marginalized groups and developing nations continue to strive for socio-economic empowerment within the global community. Their ultimate success largely depends upon their ability to develop, protect, and exploit th

ïHow can anyone make a difference in a world marked by genocide, civil war, refugee crises, disease epidemics? With conscience, hope, and sweat equity, Dr. Zachary Kaufman and the other contributors to this book have offered aid, created organizations serving victims of human rights violations, and learned from set-backs and failures. Their insight into challenges of sustainable fund-raising, organizational design and management, and skepticism about young Western volunteers can inspire and instruct others who hope to address suffering and injustice through initiative, analysis, and commitment.Í _ Martha Minow, Dean of the Faculty of Law and Jeremiah Smith, Jr. Professor of Law, Harvard Law School; Author, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence ïThis book makes an all too rare and important point: One of the distinguishing characteristics of social entrepreneurs is the way their actions and their example pave the way for peace. Kaufman gives us multiple examples here to demonstrate that the kind of empathetic leadership exhibited by these social entrepreneurs builds an alternative to conflict and contributes to the stability and security of societies.Í _ Dr. Diana Wells, President, Ashoka ïUnder the able editorship of Dr. Zachary Kaufman, an upstander in his own right, this pathbreaking book demystifies social entrepreneurship, namely, citizen-inspired initiatives that may have as much potential to overcome the challenges burdening victims of atrocities and other assaults on humankind as social media has demonstrated in revolutionizing how people communicate in the 21st Century.Í _ The Honorable David J. Scheffer, Mayer Brown / Robert A. Helman Professor of Law and Director, Center for International Human Rights, Northwestern University School of Law; former U.S. Ambassador at Large for War Crimes Issues; Author, All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals ïThe accounts of social entrepreneurs contained in this volume could well inspire a future shortlist for the Nobel Peace Prize. Zachary Kaufman has coupled impressive narratives with compelling analysis in a collection that informs observers but that will also stimulate more young people to take up the challenges of responding to atrocities.Í _ Dr. William A. Schabas, Professor of International Law, Middlesex University (London); Author, Genocide in International Law: The Crime of Crimes; Commissioner, Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission ïThis splendid book is more than a primer on social entrepreneurship for human rights in the developing world. It is also a compendium of searing testimony about the immense practical challenges that idealistic changemakers can overcome by dint of their unflagging energy, incandescent visions of humanity and justice, and on-the-ground skills and resourcefulness. Zachary Kaufman has performed a great public service in orchestrating this admirable volume about how hope for the future can be vindicated even under the most unpromising conditions.Í _ Peter H. Schuck, Simeon E. Baldwin Professor Emeritus of Law, Yale Law School ïAt last, a compelling narrative of the recent achievements to address pressing global issues through social entrepreneurship! This book is a tribute to the authorÍs ethical convictions and the generation of innovators that he represents. As Chairman of UNITAID, the first laboratory of innovative financing, IÍve seen how a small levy on airline tickets can save thousands of lives every year through market solutions. It warms me to see how young thinkers continue to innovate and act to provide global public goods. Pay attention to them!Í _ Philippe Douste-Blazy UN Under Secretary-General in charge of Innovative Financing for Development, Chairman of UNITAID and former French minister of foreign affairs ïAt a time when so many reflexively look to government action as a remedy for todayÍs ills, this valuable book demonstrates the power of social entrepreneurs to take on some of the worldÍs great challenges. Social entrepreneurship is grounded in real-world experience. The projects this book profiles demonstrate the impact of individuals as agents of change _ taking ideas and turning them into action that can help transform entire societies.Í _ Dr. Arthur C. Brooks, President, The American Enterprise Institute; Author, Social Entrepreneurship: A Modern Approach to Social Value Creation ïFor anyone who doubted one person could change the world or just wondered how to get started, Dr. KaufmanÍs book is equal parts inspiration and how-to guide. He has lived and studied social entrepreneurship, and provides a serious contribution to the emerging field of social entrepreneurship, particularly as it relates to genocide and other atrocities.Í _ The Honorable Tom Perriello, former U.S. Congressman; former Special Advisor to the Prosecutor, Special Court for Sierra Leone; Co-Founder, DarfurGenocide.org; current President & CEO, Center for American Progress Action ïSocial Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities is a welcome contribution to the study of one of the most promising social movements in recent time, the mobilization of engaged citizens, or Upstanders, in the face of mass atrocities around the world. Zachary Kaufman incisively investigates how social entrepreneurs are taking on tough issues including conflict prevention and transitional justice, and presents practical lessons learned from the perspective of activists on the ground.Í _ John Prendergast, Co-Founder, Enough Project, Center for American Progress; former Director for African Affairs, U.S. National Security Council; Co-Author, Unlikely Brothers: Our Story of Adventure, Loss, and Redemption; Co-Author, Not on Our Watch: The Mission to End Genocide in Darfur and Beyond ïSocial Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities interweaves two critical movements: social entrepreneurship and human rights. Kaufman is one of the first to explore these intersections in a powerfully informative way. He and his fellow social entrepreneurs provide concrete examples of, and offer practical advice about, the power of ordinary people to confront one of the most intractable problems: mass atrocities. Kaufman demonstrates how we can all be ñupstandersî in the face of such conflicts.Í _ Mark Hanis, Co-Founder & Board member of United to End Genocide (formerly Save Darfur / Genocide Intervention Network); Ashoka Fellow; Echoing Green Fellow ïDr. KaufmanÍs book is a huge addition to the field, and his focus [on atrocities] is spot on. Looking at social entrepreneurship through the lens offered in this book will provide the field with new insights and inspiration. Bravo!Í _ Peter Brinckerhoff, author of Smart Stewardship for Nonprofits: Making the Right Decision in Good Times and Bad and Social Entrepreneurship: The Art of Mission-Based Venture Development ïSocial Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities deftly outlines how young global peace entrepreneurs are successfully fostering smart and agile solutions to some of the worldÍs most intractable problems. Gone are the tired images of doves and peace signs, rightfully replaced with laptops and smart phones. This is a must read for all young leaders who strive to have real impact in their careers, as well as the old guard if they care not to be left behind by the winds of change.Í _ Cameron M. Chisholm, Founder and President, International Peace & Security Institute ïIn an age of austerity, with governments and international organizations limited in their capacity to address atrocities, Dr. Zachary KaufmanÍs book is a timely reminder of the power of social entrepreneurs to effect critical change. But this is no romantic account of the ability of inspired individuals to make a difference after mass conflict. As an insidersÍ view of entrepreneurship, this book gives a warts-and-all account of the personal, political, social, and economic challenges that must be overcome and the energy, risk-taking, and good fortune required to achieve even modest results. Highlighting the crucial work of social entrepreneurs, this collection also provides a necessary critique of the failures of governments and international bodies such as the UN to respond coherently to the challenges of post-conflict societies.Í _ Dr. Phil Clark, Lecturer in Comparative and International Politics, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London; Co-Founder, Oxford Transitional Justice Research, University of Oxford; Author, The Gacaca Courts, Post-Genocide Justice and Reconciliation in Rwanda: Justice Without Lawyers; Co-Editor, After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond ïSocial Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities is a bold work of definition and analyses. It presents both concepts and histories _ focused on individuals and groups _ in response to mass violence and atrocities. This significant study, edited by Zachary Kaufman, is a work of clarification and inspiration.Í _ Dr. Judith S. Goldstein, Founder and Executive Director, Humanity in Action ïThis book is nothing less than an antidote against despondency. In and of itself an innovation, Dr. Zachary KaufmanÍs collection of personal narratives by change agents reveals a pattern of how people are bringing light to areas where there seems to be nothing but darkness. The remarkably simple recipe of these social entrepreneurs is to take a good dose of caring, add an innovative solution, and finally knead the project through the phases of iterative testing and growth until impact is achieved. Finally we have in this book an addition to the ever-growing library of literature on human rights and atrocities that is not a call to arms or a cry of accusatory indignation, but a cheerful invitation to roll up oneÍs sleeves.Í _ Dr. Fernande Raine, Social Innovation Leader, Innosight; former Senior Team Member, Ashoka; former management consultant, McKinsey & Company; former Executive Director, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University ïDr. Zachary Kaufman provides powerful lessons for anyone committed to preventing atrocities, ending conflicts, building peace, and fostering systematic and sustainable positive social change. The compelling and honest first-hand accounts by leading social entrepreneurs working in diverse sectoral areas help ground the field by providing unique insight into the many opportunities, successes, and challenges encountered through the difficult task of change making. This powerful text will inspire many young people and others to take action and work hard in pursuing innovative ways to address some of the most complex, seemingly intractable problems facing the world today. This book should be required reading for anyone seeking to positively impact the world, one step at a time.Í _ Dr. Craig Zelizer, Associate Director, Conflict Resolution Program, Georgetown University; Founder, Peace and Collaborative Development Network ïZachary KaufmanÍs new book expands the term social entrepreneur to include human rights advocates _ in this instance, young people from the Global North, who have chosen to speak out, stand up, and intervene in the complex contexts of war, atrocity, and civil conflict. KaufmanÍs provocative book includes case studies that will help challenge prevailing definitions of this emerging field as it explores how, where, and why social entrepreneurs are engaging with the intersection of geo-politics, international law, and social change.Í _ Kavita N. Ramdas, Executive Director, Program on Social Entrepreneurship, Stanford University; former President & CEO, Global Fund for Women Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities provides crucial insight into social entrepreneurship from visionaries in the field as well as other experienced practitioners and renowned theorists. While this book focuses on social entrepreneurship as it relates to genocide and other atrocities, the experiences and lessons learned also apply to additional critical social, economic, legal and political problems such as healthcare, development, education and literacy. The authors in this book address the clear need for further examination of social entrepreneurship. They discuss the challenges, obstacles and opportunities of the field and lend new insight to the concept, history and methodologies of social entrepreneurship. The book profiles case studies based on some of the most innovative and effective social enterprises addressing atrocities, including the National Vision for Sierra Leone, Asylum Access, the Kigali Public Library, Indego Africa, Generation Rwanda, Orphans Against AIDS, Americans for Informed Democracy, and Children of Abraham. Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities will inform, instruct and build the community of social entrepreneurs. This unique, essential collection of first-hand accounts is an inspiring and informative addition to the evolving social entrepreneurship literature. It will be of particular interest to social entrepreneurs; students, scholars and practitioners of business, management, public policy, social policy and development studies; anyone with a philanthropic mindset; and all those who are invested in creating and maintaining a socially responsible, accountable world.