Essay On The Origins Of The Technical Language Of Islamic Mysticism

This English edition of Massignon's philological work on the origins of the technical language of Islamic mysticism incorporates the corrections from 1954 edition and updated references. It concentrates on the development of the words used by 10th-century mystic and poet al-Hallaj.

A pathbreaking history of Sufism, from the earliest centuries of Islam to the present After centuries as the most important ascetic-mystical strand of Islam, Sufism saw a sharp decline in the twentieth century, only to experience a stunning revival in recent decades. In this comprehensive new history of Sufism from the earliest centuries of Islam to today, Alexander Knysh, a leading expert on the subject, reveals the tradition in all its richness. Knysh explores how Sufism has been viewed by both insiders and outsiders since its inception. He examines the key aspects of Sufism, from definitions and discourses to leadership, institutions, and practices. He devotes special attention to Sufi approaches to the Qur’an, drawing parallels with similar uses of scripture in Judaism and Christianity. He traces how Sufism grew from a set of simple moral-ethical precepts into a sophisticated tradition with professional Sufi masters (shaykhs) who became powerful players in Muslim public life but whose authority was challenged by those advocating the equality of all Muslims before God. Knysh also examines the roots of the ongoing conflict between the Sufis and their fundamentalist critics, the Salafis—a major fact of Muslim life today. Based on a wealth of primary and secondary sources, Sufism is an indispensable account of a vital aspect of Islam.

This monograph explores the original literary produce of Muslim mystics during the eighth–tenth centuries, with special attention to ninth-century mystics, such as al-Tustarī, al-Muḥāsibī, al-Kharrāz, al-Junayd and, in particular, al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī. Unlike other studies dealing with the so-called ‘Formative Period’, this book focuses on the extant writings of early mystics rather than on the later Ṣūfī compilations. These early mystics articulated what would become a hallmark of Islamic mysticism: a system built around the psychological tension between the self (nafs) and the heart (qalb) and how to overcome it. Through their writings, already at this early phase, the versatility, fluidity and maturity of Islamic mysticism become apparent. This exploration thus reveals that mysticism in Islam emerged earlier than customarily acknowledged, long before Islamic mysticism became generically known as Ṣūfism. The central figure of this book is al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, whose teaching and inner world focus on themes such as polarity, the training of the self, the opening of the heart, the Friends of God (al-awliyāʾ), dreams and visions, divine language, mystical exegesis and more. This book thus offers a fuller picture than hitherto presented of the versatility of themes, processes, images, practices, terminology and thought models during this early period. The volume will be a key resource for scholars and students interested in the study of religion, Ṣūfī studies, Late Antiquity and Medieval Islam.

"Kindred Spirits focuses on a network of Catholic historians, theologians, poets, and activists who pushed against both the far-right surge in interwar Europe as well as the secularizing tendencies of the leftist movements active in the early to mid-twentieth century. Brenna Moore focuses on how this group sought a middle way anchored in "spiritual friendship"-religiously meaningful friendship conceived of as uniquely capable of engaging the social and political challenges of the era. For this interconnected group, spiritual friendship was inseparable from their resistance to European xenophobia and nationalism in the 1930s, anti-racist activism in the US in the 1930s and 1940s, and solidarity with Muslims during the Algerian War in 1954-1962. Friendship was a key to both divine and human realms, a means of accessing the transcendent while also engaging with our social and political existence. The project primarily centers on France, but members of this group also hailed from Russia, Egypt, Syria, and New York. Some of the core figures are well-known-philosopher Jacques Maritain, influential Islamicist Louis Massignon-while others are lost to history. More than a simple idealized portrait of a remarkable group of Catholic intellectuals from the past, Kindred Spirits is a deep dive into both the beauty and the flaws of a vibrant social network worth recovering from historical obscurity"--

In The Theology of Louis Massignon, author Christian Krokus argues that Louis Massignon’s achievements in Christian-Muslim understanding, his activism on behalf of Muslim immigrants, refugees, and Middle Eastern Christians, as well as his developing understanding of Islam must be understood in the light of his Catholic convictions in relation to God, Christ, and the Church. With ample references to primary works, many translated into English for the first time, Krokus offers a comprehensive account of the main points of Massignon’s religious thought that will prove essential to theologians and historians working on questions of Christian-Muslim dialogue, comparative theology, and religious pluralism.

Explores aspects of the private lives and interpersonal ties, between the personal and communal domains of early Sufis.

This is a general survey of the rise and development of Islamic mysticism (Sufism) up to the modern period, which takes into account the latest achievements of scholarship on the subject. Sufism is examined from a variety of perspectives: as a vibrant social institution, a specific form of artistic expression, an ascetic and contemplative practice, and a distinctive intellectual tradition. Islamic Mysticism by Knysh is a comprehensive survey of the interesting and fascinating world of Islamic Mysticism.