Essentials Of Metallurgical Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the very basic science to appreciate all engineering disciplines, more particularly the chemical, metallurgical and mechanical engineering in terms of the efficiencies in various related operations that is why metallurgical thermodynamics has been developed specifically to understand the metallurgical engineering processes and their energy efficiencies. Any change is driven by the potential driving it. Thermodynamics is the tool to appreciate that potential and to assess the related energy efficiency. Hence thermodynamics is the basic tool that helps to assess finally the economics of any metallurgical process. The more one understands it the better. The present book attempts to explain the very basic thermodynamic concepts underlying metallurgical engineering operations and therefore the related economics.

This book highlights introduction of thermodynamics; first law, second law, third law of thermodynamics and their applications; concepts of entropy, free energies, thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic activity and fugacity; Maxwell relations; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Clausis-Clayperon equation, etc. have been discussed in detail and made easily understandable to the undergraduate students of metallurgy. Thermodynamics involved in formation of different types of solutions (ideal, real and regular solutions) has also been discussed in detail. This book also discusses the applications of various thermodynamic properties in different metallurgical operations. At the end of each and every chapter, different types of typical related problems have also been solved.

Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics provides an illustration of the calculations encountered in the study of metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics, focusing on theoretical concepts and practical applications. The chapters of this book provide comprehensive account of the theories, including basic and applied numerical examples with solutions. Unsolved numerical examples drawn from a wide range of metallurgical processes are also provided at the end of each chapter. The topics discussed include the three laws of thermodynamics; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; fugacity, activity, and equilibrium constant; thermodynamics of electrochemical cells; and kinetics. This book is beneficial to undergraduate and postgraduate students in universities, polytechnics, and technical colleges.

Fundamentals of Metallurgical Processes, Second Edition reviews developments in the design, control, and efficiency of metallurgical processes. Topics covered include thermodynamic functions and solutions as well as experimental and bibliographical methods, heterogeneous reactions, metal extraction, and iron and steelmaking. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an overview of the fundamentals of thermodynamics (functions, relationships, and behavior of solutions), followed by a discussion on methods of obtaining thermodynamic data from tables and graphs and by experiment. The kinetics of heterogeneous reactions in metallurgy are examined next, with particular reference to heterogeneous catalysis and mass transfer between immiscible liquid phases. The following chapters focus on the extraction of metals from oxides, sulfides, and halides; the production of iron and steel; the structure and properties of slags; slag/metal reactions; and equilibria in iron and steel production. The final chapter consists entirely of solved problems. This monograph will be of interest to metallurgists and materials scientists.

The Series in Metallurgy and Materials Science was initiated during the Diamond Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals (IIM). In the last decade the progress in the study and development of metallurgy and materials science, their applications, as well as the techniques for processing and characterizing them has been rapid and extensive. With the help of an expert editorial panel of international and national scientists, the series aims to make this information available to a wide spectrum of readers. This book is the third textbook in the series. Principles of Metallurgical Thermodynamics deals with the thermodynamics of reactive systems, with emphasis on the reactivity of metals and materials being used by metallurgical and materials scientists all over the world. Though the focus is on equilibrium thermodynamics, it also touches upon some methods to incorporate non-equilibrium effects relevant to material scientists. This knowledge will enable students to solve the challenging problems faced during operation in different materials-processing routes. It will also help in the search for new substances that might revolutionize high as well as low temperature applications because of their super-fluid and super-conducting properties, outer space environmental adaptability, and more attractive electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties.

Metallurgical Thermodynamics, as well as its modified version, Thermodynamics of Materials, forms a core course in metallurgical and materials engineering, constituting one of the principal foundations in these disciplines. Designed as an undergraduate textbook, this concise and systematically organized text deals primarily with the thermodynamics of systems involving physico-chemical processes and chemical reactions, such as calculations of enthalpy, entropy and free energy changes of processes; thermodynamic properties of solutions; chemical and phase equilibria; and thermodynamics of surfaces, interfaces and defects. The major emphasis is on high-temperature systems and processes involving metals and inorganic compounds. The many worked examples, diagrams, and tables that illustrate the concepts discussed, and chapter-end problems that stimulate self-study should enable the students to study the subject with enhanced interest.