Export Development And Promotion The Role Of Public Organizations

Companies succeed in international markets because of their competitive competence which, in large measure, is based on the level of knowledge and skill they bring to their international marketing activities. Public organizations in the export development and promotion field play a facilitating role in this process. Their mandate is to enhance the know-how of exporters and thereby assist foreign market entry, development and expansion. The interaction between these public organizations and the companies they exist to serve is the subject of this book. The book is wide-ranging and up-to-date. The work ofresearchers from 11 countries (in both the developed and developing world) is represented which means that a variety of perspectives are contained in the book. These contributions present the latest thinking on this important matter. The authors of each chapter are objective in their approach. Consequently, considerable attention is paid to the performance of the public organization support programs and activities. Each researcher comes to his/her own conclusions based on the individual work undertaken, but readers will fmd that certain common themes run through many ofthe chapters. The key objectives of the book are: 1. To provide academic researchers with a current and comprehensive treatment of the role played by public organizations in export development and promotion. 2. To expose professional readers (officials in relevant public organizations, consultants in the private sector or in international agencies) to a view of their field of interest that might be broader and more critical than normal.

This publication assesses what a national export strategy should encompass with regard to the dynamics of the current international market environment. It looks at the process of strategy development and management, reviewing basic questions of leadership and ownership. The publication also defines the types of institutional linkages and functional relationships required for effective formulation and implementation of broad-based strategies, techniques and issues related to utility and impact assessment of national export strategies. In addition, the implications of electronic commerce, increasing dominance of multinationals, and global outsourcing for national export strategies are also discussed.

Policies impending and neglecting the development of commercial services are a significant cause of the difficulties developing countries experience trying to expand exports. It is misguided to entrust public sector trade organizations with primary responsibility for providing exporters with support services that are better provided by private commercial enterprises.

What institutional arrangements, policies, and external assistance can be expected to yield good results in the area of support services for exports? The three papers in this volume address this issue and provide useful answers. The usual approach, the authors all agree, has been a failure in developing countries. Most developing countries have public sector export promotion organizations that provide promotional, information, marketing, and other services to help expand exports and of which much international technical assistance has been channeled through. The authors offer sharply negative assessments of these organizations' practical contributions up to now. With rare exceptions, the authors contend, the services and assistance provided have been ineffective. They sketch alternative approaches recently developed by international assistance organizations for some of the aid in this field. These approaches typically involve bringing in consultants to work directly with enterprises, usually starting with the technical and supply problems holding exports back. The authors also put forward recommendations which focus primarily on getting export businesses to use private services to teach potential export suppliers how to produce what the market wants and needs.

As the first international convention focused on stimulating trade through policy actions, the International Symposium on Trade Promotion and Assistance sought to present a comprehensive treatment of the role of the public sector in trade promotion. The papers presented at the conference have been collected in this book, and they review trade promotion activities at the international, state, and local levels. They also address the roles of private-sector institutions such as universities, trade centers, and trade associations in providing information and assistance to those companies interested in exporting. The book presents the invaluable experience and advice of experts who discuss obstacles firms face in exporting efforts and suggest how to achieve higher awareness levels, how to best assist firms in getting into the market, and how to make experienced exporters more successful. Divided into four parts, this collection features eighteen selections that address various aspects of trade promotion and assistance. The five chapters that make up Part I focus on state and federal programs in trade promotion. Part II, which contains seven chapters, looks at trade promotion programs in such countries as England, Norway, Australia, and China. Part III presents four readings on university and private initiatives in stimulating partnerships for export promotion, and Part IV features three chapters of empirical research findings on exporting with implications for public policy. A conclusion and index are also included, as well as a number of tables and figures. This book will be an important reference for companies involved in international business and sales, for business and marketing courses, and for public and academic libraries.

In recent years, much has been made of the success of developing countries, particularly in East Asia, which have achieved economic growth by manufacturing goods which are then exported to developed economies. Case studies of five countries uncover serious potential difficulties in maintaining the pace of manufacturing for export in the developing

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