Feature Extraction In Medical Image Retrieval

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is the process of retrieval of images from a database that are similar to a query image, using measures derived from the images themselves, rather than relying on accompanying text or annotation. To achieve CBIR, the contents of the images need to be characterized by quantitative features; the features of the query image are compared with the features of each image in the database and images having high similarity with respect to the query image are retrieved and displayed. CBIR of medical images is a useful tool and could provide radiologists with assistance in the form of a display of relevant past cases. One of the challenging aspects of CBIR is to extract features from the images to represent their visual, diagnostic, or application-specific information content. In this book, methods are presented for preprocessing, segmentation, landmarking, feature extraction, and indexing of mammograms for CBIR. The preprocessing steps include anisotropic diffusion and the Wiener filter to remove noise and perform image enhancement. Techniques are described for segmentation of the breast and fibroglandular disk, including maximum entropy, a moment-preserving method, and Otsu's method. Image processing techniques are described for automatic detection of the nipple and the edge of the pectoral muscle via analysis in the Radon domain. By using the nipple and the pectoral muscle as landmarks, mammograms are divided into their internal, external, upper, and lower parts for further analysis. Methods are presented for feature extraction using texture analysis, shape analysis, granulometric analysis, moments, and statistical measures. The CBIR system presented provides options for retrieval using the Kohonen self-organizing map and the k-nearest-neighbor method. Methods are described for inclusion of expert knowledge to reduce the semantic gap in CBIR, including the query point movement method for relevance feedback (RFb). Analysis of performance is described in terms of precision, recall, and relevance-weighted precision of retrieval. Results of application to a clinical database of mammograms are presented, including the input of expert radiologists into the CBIR and RFb processes. Models are presented for integration of CBIR and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) with a picture archival and communication system (PACS) for efficient workflow in a hospital. Table of Contents: Introduction to Content-based Image Retrieval / Mammography and CAD of Breast Cancer / Segmentation and Landmarking of Mammograms / Feature Extraction and Indexing of Mammograms / Content-based Retrieval of Mammograms / Integration of CBIR and CAD into Radiological Workflow

The field of medical imaging seen rapid development over the last two decades and has consequently revolutionized the way in which modern medicine is practiced. Diseases and their symptoms are constantly changing therefore continuous updating is necessary for the data to be relevant. Diseases fall into different categories, even a small difference in symptoms may result in categorising it in a different group altogether. Thus analysing data accurately is of critical importance. This book concentrates on diagnosing diseases like cancer or tumor from different modalities of images. This book is divided into the following domains: Importance of big data in medical imaging, pre-processing, image registration, feature extraction, classification and retrieval. It is further supplemented by the medical analyst for a continuous treatment process. The book provides an automated system that could retrieve images based on user’s interest to a point of providing decision support. It will help medical analysts to take informed decisions before planning treatment and surgery. It will also be useful to researchers who are working in problems involved in medical imaging.

Medical Image Processing: Concepts and Applications presents an overview of image processing for various applications in the field of medical science. Inclusion of several topics like noise reduction filters, feature extraction, image restoration, segmentation, soft computing techniques and context-based medical image retrieval, etc. makes this book a single-source information meeting the requirements of the readers. Besides, the coverage of digital image processing, human visual perception and CAD system to be used in automated diagnosis system, medical imaging modalities, various application areas of medical field, detection and classification of various disease, etc. is highly emphasised in the book. The book, divided into eight chapters, presents the topics in a clear, simple, practical and cogent fashion that provides the students with the insight into theory as well as applications to the practical problems. The research orientation of the book greatly supports the concepts of image processing to be applied for segmentation, classification and detection of affected areas in X-ray, MRI and mammographic and all other medical images. Throughout the book, an attempt has been made to address the challenges faced by radiologists, physicians and doctors in scanning, interpretation and diagnosis process. The book uses an abundance of colour images to impart a high level of comprehension of concepts and helps in mastering the process of medical image processing. Special attention is made on the review of algorithms or methods of medical image formation, processing and analysis, medical imaging applications, and emerging medical imaging modality. This is purely a text dedicated for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of biomedical engineering. The book is also of immense use to the students of computer science engineering and IT who offer a course on digital image processing. Key Points • Chapter-end review questions test the students’ knowledge of the funda-mental concepts. • Course outcomes help the students in capturing the key points. • Several images and information regarding morphological operations given in appendices help in getting additional knowledge in the field of medical image processing.

This book emphasizes various image shape feature extraction methods which are necessary for image shape recognition and classification. Focussing on a shape feature extraction technique used in content-based image retrieval (CBIR), it explains different applications of image shape features in the field of content-based image retrieval. Showcasing useful applications and illustrating examples in many interdisciplinary fields, the present book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering, data science, computer science, medicine, and machine learning including medical physics and information technology.

In the medical field, there is a constant need to improve professionals’ abilities to provide prompt and accurate diagnoses. The use of image and pattern recognizing software may provide support to medical professionals and enhance their abilities to properly identify medical issues. Medical Image Processing for Improved Clinical Diagnosis provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of computer-based imaging and applications within healthcare and medicine. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as biomedical imaging, pattern recognition, and medical diagnosis, this book is ideally designed for medical practitioners, students, researchers, and others in the medical and engineering fields seeking current research on the use of images to enhance the accuracy of medical prognosis.

Discusses major aspects of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) using current technologies and applications within the artificial intelligence (AI) field.

Content-based image retrieval is the set of techniques for retrieving relevant images from an image database on the basis of automatically derived image features. The need for efficient content-based image re trieval has increased tremendously in many application areas such as biomedicine, the military, commerce, education, and Web image clas sification and searching. In the biomedical domain, content-based im age retrieval can be used in patient digital libraries, clinical diagnosis, searching of 2-D electrophoresis gels, and pathology slides. I started my work on content-based image retrieval in 1995 when I was with Stanford University. The project was initiated by the Stan ford University Libraries and later funded by a research grant from the National Science Foundation. The goal was to design and implement a computer system capable of indexing and retrieving large collections of digitized multimedia data available in the libraries based on the media contents. At the time, it seemed reasonable to me that I should discover the solution to the image retrieval problem during the project. Experi ence has certainly demonstrated how far we are as yet from solving this basic problem.