Femtosecond Technology For Technical And Medical Applications

A comprehensive overview of the principles and applications of femtosecond lasers, especially applied to medicine and to production technology. The advantages and problems of ultrashort laser pulses are discussed in more detail in the context of applications in the micro-machining of technical materials such as drilling, surface structuring and cutting, in medical use like dental, ophthalmologic, neurological and otolaryngological applications, in metrology, and in the generation of x-rays. Safety aspects are also considered.

A comprehensive overview of the principles and applications of femtosecond lasers, especially applied to medicine and to production technology. The advantages and problems of ultrashort laser pulses are discussed in more detail in the context of applications in the micro-machining of technical materials such as drilling, surface structuring and cutting, in medical use like dental, ophthalmologic, neurological and otolaryngological applications, in metrology, and in the generation of x-rays. Safety aspects are also considered.

There is no doubt that the advent of immunocytochemical techniques, by enhancing our ability to detect specific cell products or markers, has opened new avenues in the understanding of human diseases, and in our ability to perform better diagnosis in surgical pathology. The rapid development of this field has resulted in thousands of publications in the literature regarding immunocytochemistry in diagnostic pathology. This explosion of knowledge makes necessary publications summarizing what are the main markers available and how they can be used in the diagnosis of tumors. The need of a more organized and structured knowledge was evident during the workshop in Immunocytochemistry of Tumor Diagnosis that took place in the City of Detroit an October 1984. This book is the result of that workshop in which 22 chapters are focusing an the main subject of differential diagnosis of tumors. Jose Russo, M.D. Editor xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my many associates at the Michigan Cancer Foundation for their help in the preparation of this manuscript. I give thanks to Dr.

Laser ablation describes the interaction of intense optical fields with matter, in which atoms are selectively driven off by thermal or nonthermal mechanisms. The field of laser ablation physics is advancing so rapidly that its principal results are seen only in specialized journals and conferences. This is the first book that combines the most recent results in this rapidly advancing field with authoritative treatment of laser ablation and its applications, including the physics of high-power laser-matter interaction. Many practical applications exist, ranging from inertial confinement fusion to propulsion of aerostats for pollution monitoring to laser ignition of hypersonic engines to laser cleaning nanoscale contaminants in high-volume computer hard drive manufacture to direct observation of the electronic or dissociative states in atoms and molecules, to studying the properties of materials during 200kbar shocks developed in 200fs. Selecting topics which are representative of such a broad field is difficult. Laser Ablation and its Applications emphasizes the wide range of these topics rather than - as is so often the case in advanced science – focusing on one specialty or discipline. The book is divided into four sections: theory and modeling, ultrafast interactions, material processing and laser-matter interaction in novel regimes. The latter range from MALDI to ICF, SNOM’s and femtosecond nanosurgery to laser space propulsion. The book arose from the SPIE series of High Power Laser Ablation Symposia which began in 1998. It is intended for a graduate course in laser interactions with plasmas and materials, but it should be accessible to anyone with a graduate degree in physics or engineering. It is also intended as a major reference work to familiarize scientists just entering the field with laser ablation and its applications.

The field of ultrafast nonlinear optics is broad and multidisciplinary, and encompasses areas concerned with both the generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses of light, as well as those concerned with the applications of such pulses. Ultrashort pulses are extreme events – both in terms of their durations, and also the high peak powers which their short durations can facilitate. These extreme properties make them powerful experiment tools. On one hand, their ultrashort durations facilitate the probing and manipulation of matter on incredibly short timescales. On the other, their ultrashort durations can facilitate high peak powers which can drive highly nonlinear light-matter interaction processes. Ultrafast Nonlinear Optics covers a complete range of topics, both applied and fundamental in nature, within the area of ultrafast nonlinear optics. Chapters 1 to 4 are concerned with the generation and measurement of ultrashort pulses. Chapters 5 to 7 are concerned with fundamental applications of ultrashort pulses in metrology and quantum control. Chapters 8 and 9 are concerned with ultrafast nonlinear optics in optical fibres. Chapters 10 to 13 are concerned with the applications of ultrashort pulses in areas such as particle acceleration, microscopy, and micromachining. The chapters are aimed at graduate-student level and are intended to provide the student with an accessible, self-contained and comprehensive gateway into each subject.

Nonlinear Optical Systems: Principles, Phenomena, and Advanced Signal Processing is a simplified overview of the evolution of technology associated with nonlinear systems and advanced signal processing. This book’s coverage ranges from fundamentals to phenomena to the most cutting-edge aspects of systems for next-generation biomedical monitoring and nonlinear optical transmission. The authors address how these systems are applied through photonic signal processing in contemporary optical systems for communications and/or laser systems. They include a concise but sufficient explanation of mathematical representation of nonlinear equations to provide insight into nonlinear dynamics at different phases. The book also describes advanced aspects of solitons and bound solitons for passive- and active-mode locked fiber lasers, in which higher-order differential equations can be employed to represent the dynamics of amplitude evolution in the current or voltages of lightwaves in such systems. Covering a wide range of topics, this book: Introduces nonlinear systems and some mathematical representations, particularly the routes to chaos and bifurcation Describes nonlinear fiber lightwave lasing systems Covers nonlinear phenomena in fiber lasers, including both passive and active energy storage cavities Experimentally and theoretically demonstrates soliton pulses, in which lightwaves are the carrier under their envelopes Assembles and demonstrates sequences of both single and multiple solitons in a group and then assesses their dynamics in detail Examines the evolution of bound solitons, which are transmitted through single-mode optical fibers that compose a phase variation system This text outlines the theory and techniques used in nonlinear physics and applications for physical systems. It also illustrates the use of MATLAB® and Simulink® computer models and processing techniques for nonlinear signals. Building on readers’ newly acquired fundamental understanding of nonlinear systems and associated signal processing, the book then demonstrates the use of such applications in real-world, practical environments.

Tunability has added an important dimension to a variety of laser devices and led to new systems and applications. From laser spectroscopy to Bose-Einstein condensation, the one nexus is the tunable laser. Incorporating nine new chapters since the first edition, Tunable Laser Applications, Second Edition reflects the significant developments

Laser Processing and Chemistry gives an overview of the fundamentals and applications of laser-matter interactions, in particular with regard to laser material processing. Special attention is given to laser-induced physical and chemical processes at gas-solid, liquid-solid, and solid-solid interfaces. Starting with the background physics, the book proceeds to examine applications of laser techniques in micro-machining, and the patterning, coating, and modification of material surfaces. This fourth edition has been revised and enlarged to cover new topics such as 3D microfabrication, advances in nanotechnology, ultrafast laser technology and laser chemical processing (LCP). Graduate students, physicists, chemists, engineers, and manufacturers alike will find this book an invaluable reference work on laser processing.