Final Report On The Capsizing On 28 September 1994 In The Baltic Sea Of The Ro Ro Passenger Vessel Mv Estonia

Because the liability of ship owners is limited, classification societies have been considered as exempt from liability. This book analyses which actions of classification societies may give rise to claims and whether or not the societies can be held liable under English, German or American maritime law. In addition, it develops the fundamental aspects of an international convention on the limitation of the liability of classification societies.

Exploring the themes of the human relationship with the marine environment and the ways in which the peoples of Northern Europe have experienced and exploited their seas, this book reveals how human perception of the northern seas has changed over time. Drawing on a wide variety of sources, from Denmark and Britain to Norway, Finland and Germany, The Baltic and the North Seas is an insightful and colourful history of the politics, economy and culture of this intriguing region.

Ocean governance has its legal basis in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and in numerous international maritime conventions. These rules help to balance conflicting interests in the uses of the oceans and seas and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. Their efficiency depends, however, on their enforcement. In 2007 Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Peter Ehlers and Prof. Dr. Rainer Lagoni organized a seminar on 'Enforcement of International and EU Law in Maritime Affairs'. Participants were graduate scholars of the International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs (IMPRS) at the University of Hamburg and graduate students. Their papers cover various aspects of enforcement relating to the new Wreck Removal Convention and to rules of the European Union, such as port State control, enforcement measures in fisheries, the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), protection of maritime boundaries and inquiries into maritime casualties. The volume also includes an analysis of the maritime policy of the EU as a new integrated approach to maritime activities.

An aging American coal carrier goes down in a winter storm off the Virginia coast. Only three of the crew of 34 survive; the rest perish in the ice-cold water. Was the dead captain at fault? Did the mate neglect safety precautions? Or did a penny-pinching management skimp on necessary maintenance? The giant car-and-passenger ferry Estonia sinks in a gale in the Baltic Sea, carrying over 800 passengers to their deaths and causing national scandals in three countries. Was she sunk by a terrorist bomb? By the CIA or the Russian secret police? Was the Russian mob involved? Was she carrying military secrets, or smuggled narcotics? A massive government cover-up is suspected. What was the truth? Answers to these and other fascinating cases can be found in Deep-Sea Detectives: Maritime Mysteries and Forensic Science. Author Peter R. Limburg explores the advances that make it possible to bring back evidence from as deep as 20,000 feet below the sea. "It's Sherlock Holmes with bubbles! Actually, Holmes had it easy; his mysteries weren't submerged beneath miles of water. These fascinating tales of scoundrels and submersibles make for terrific adventures in the little-known world of undersea forensics." -Dennis Meredith, Director of Research Communications, Duke University

Estonia is a small European Union country (population 1.3 million but physically the size of Netherlands and Switzerland) at the historic interface of East and West, Europe and Russia, free from Soviet occupation only for twenty-five years. Estonia boasts many notable achievements in the past has one of the most advanced economies in the region. It has made impressive progress politically, having shed a half century of communist domination and shifted to democracy, making it a model for other transitional states. It is at the forefront of Internet services: its secure digital ID cards are used for all interactions with government agencies, for voting at elections, and among government agencies, as well as in private banking. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Estonia covers its history through a chronology, an introductory essay, glossary, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Estonia.

Risk-based ship design is a new scientific and engineering field of growing interest to researchers, engineers and professionals from various disciplines related to ship design, construction, operation and regulation. The main motivation to use risk-based approaches is twofold: implement a novel ship design which is considered safe but - for some formal, regulatory reason - cannot be approved today and/or rationally optimize an existing design with respect to safety, without compromising on efficiency and performance. It is a clear direction that all future technological and regulatory (International Maritime Organisation) developments regarding ship design and operation will go through risk-based procedures, which are known and well established in other industries (e.g. nuclear, aviation). The present book derives from the knowledge gained in the course of the project SAFEDOR (Design, Operation and Regulation for Safety), an Integrated Project under the 6th framework programme of the European Commission (IP 516278). The book aims to provide an understanding of the fundamentals and details of the integration of risk-based approaches into the ship design process. The book facilitates the transfer of knowledge from recent research work to the wider maritime community and advances scientific approaches dealing with risk-based design and ship safety.