Flows And Counter Flows

Over the past 25 years, artists have vigorously engaged the debate around globalization, examining cross-border exchange from mass migration to the dynamics of translation, and devising new conceptual categories and new formal and metaphorical resources along the way. Noted art critic Marcus Verhagens timely examination of artistic interventions, Flows and Counterflows tells the story of projects that draw out both the dangers and tangible benefits of global exchange. In seven thought-provoking illustrated essays Verhagen maps the global art worlds shifting terrain and offers an incisive and original account of contemporary arts relationship to the processes of globalisation. The softcover survey covers how art addresses global markers such as tourism and border control; how the art system itself has been reshaped; and how artists resist by building informal networks. Packed with clearly explained and illustrated contemporary artworks, it is an indispensable history of art for our current times. Verhagen teaches in the United States and Europe and has published extensively in LeftReview, Art Monthly, Frieze along with many other publications.

This book discusses the physical mechanisms that drive counterflows, examining how they emerge, develop, become double and multiple counterflows and comprise both global and local circulations. Counterflows play an important role in nature and technology. A natural example is the Gulf Stream and the opposite flow in the ocean depths. Technological applications include hydrocyclones, vortex tubes and vortex combustors. These elongated counterflows are wildly turbulent but survive intense mixing, a seeming paradox. Local counterflows, whose spatial extent is small compared with that of surrounding flows, occur behind bluff bodies and in swirling streams. The latter are often referred to as vortex breakdown bubbles, which occur in tornadoes and above delta wings. Most scale counterflows are cosmic bipolar jets. Most miniature counterflows occur in capillary menisci of electrosprays and fuel atomisers.

Counter-Current Extraction: An Introduction to the Design and Operation of Counter-Current Extractors provide useful conclusions and results pertaining to counter-current extraction. This book aims to present illustrations of the various mathematical techniques as tools as well as means to an end. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various aspects of the transfer of a single solute between two immiscible phases in counter-current flow. This text then describes all possible factors and obtains their relationship to the extraction factor and number of stages or transfer units. Other chapters consider the flows and concentrations in counter-current forward and back extraction. This book discusses as well the optimization of forward and back extraction using counter-current flow in differential and stagewise extractors. The final chapter deals with further applications of counter-current extractions. Undergraduates and researchers involved in the design and operation of counter-current extractors will find this book useful.

This long awaited second edition of a popular textbook has a simple and direct approach to the diversity and complexity of food processing. It explains the principles of operations and illustrates them by individual processes. The new edition has been enlarged to include sections on freezing, drying, psychrometry, and a completely new section on mechanical refrigeration. All the units have been converted to SI measure. Each chapter contains unworked examples to help the student gain a grasp of the subject, and although primarily intended for the student food technologist or process engineer, this book will also be useful to technical workers in the food industry