Fluid Behaviour In Biological Systems

This book serves as an introduction to the continuum mechanics and mathematical modeling of complex fluids in living systems. The form and function of living systems are intimately tied to the nature of surrounding fluid environments, which commonly exhibit nonlinear and history dependent responses to forces and displacements. With ever-increasing capabilities in the visualization and manipulation of biological systems, research on the fundamental phenomena, models, measurements, and analysis of complex fluids has taken a number of exciting directions. In this book, many of the world’s foremost experts explore key topics such as: Macro- and micro-rheological techniques for measuring the material properties of complex biofluids and the subtleties of data interpretation Experimental observations and rheology of complex biological materials, including mucus, cell membranes, the cytoskeleton, and blood The motility of microorganisms in complex fluids and the dynamics of active suspensions Challenges and solutions in the numerical simulation of biologically relevant complex fluid flows This volume will be accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering, mathematics, biology, and the physical sciences, but will appeal to anyone interested in the intricate and beautiful nature of complex fluids in the context of living systems.

Many chemical and biological processes take place in fluid environments in constant motion ? chemical reactions in the atmosphere, biological population dynamics in the ocean, chemical reactors, combustion, and microfluidic devices. Applications of concepts from the field of nonlinear dynamical systems have led to significant progress over the last decade in the theoretical understanding of complex phenomena observed in such systems.This book introduces the theoretical approaches for describing mixing and transport in fluid flows. It reviews the basic concepts of dynamical phenomena arising from the nonlinear interactions in chemical and biological systems. The coverage includes a comprehensive overview of recent results on the effect of mixing on spatial structure and the dynamics of chemically and biologically active components in fluid flows, in particular oceanic plankton dynamics.

Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Biological Processes covers emerging areas in fluid flow and heat transfer relevant to biosystems and medical technology. This book uses an interdisciplinary approach to provide a comprehensive prospective on biofluid mechanics and heat transfer advances and includes reviews of the most recent methods in modeling of flows in biological media, such as CFD. Written by internationally recognized researchers in the field, each chapter provides a strong introductory section that is useful to both readers currently in the field and readers interested in learning more about these areas. Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Biological Processes is an indispensable reference for professors, graduate students, professionals, and clinical researchers in the fields of biology, biomedical engineering, chemistry and medicine working on applications of fluid flow, heat transfer, and transport phenomena in biomedical technology. Provides a wide range of biological and clinical applications of fluid flow and heat transfer in biomedical technology Covers topics such as electrokinetic transport, electroporation of cells and tissue dialysis, inert solute transport (insulin), thermal ablation of cancerous tissue, respiratory therapies, and associated medical technologies Reviews the most recent advances in modeling techniques

Both broad and deep in coverage, Rubenstein shows that fluid mechanics principles can be applied not only to blood circulation, but also to air flow through the lungs, joint lubrication, intraocular fluid movement and renal transport. Each section initiates discussion with governing equations, derives the state equations and then shows examples of their usage. Clinical applications, extensive worked examples, and numerous end of chapter problems clearly show the applications of fluid mechanics to biomedical engineering situations. A section on experimental techniques provides a springboard for future research efforts in the subject area. Uses language and math that is appropriate and conducive for undergraduate learning, containing many worked examples and end of chapter problems All engineering concepts and equations are developed within a biological context Covers topics in the traditional biofluids curriculum, as well as addressing other systems in the body that can be described by biofluid mechanics principles, such as air flow through the lungs, joint lubrication, intraocular fluid movement, and renal transport Clinical applications are discussed throughout the book, providing practical applications for the concepts discussed.

Fields, Forces, and Flows in Biological Systems describes the fundamental driving forces for mass transport, electric current, and fluid flow as they apply to the biology and biophysics of molecules, cells, tissues, and organs. Basic mathematical and engineering tools are presented in the context of biology and physiology.The chapters are structured in a framework that moves across length scales from molecules to membranes to tissues. Examples throughout the text deal with applications involving specific biological tissues, cells, and macromolecules. In addition, a variety of applications focus on sensors, actuators, diagnostics, and microphysical measurement devices (e.g., bioMEMs/NEMs microfluidic devices) in which transport and electrokinetic interactions are critical.This textbook is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biological and biomedical engineering and will be a valuable resource for interdisciplinary researchers including biophysicists, physical chemists, materials scientists, and chemical, electrical, and mechanical engineers seeking a common language on the subject.

A unique, accessible guide to the application of engineering methods to biological systems. Presenting for the first time a practical, design-oriented, interdisciplinary approach to transport phenomena involving biological systems, Biological Process Engineering emphasizes the common aspects of the three main transport processes-fluid flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer. In clear and simple terms, it explores the relevance of these processes to broadly defined biological systems such as the growth of microbes in bioreactors, the leaching of pollutants into groundwater, and the chemistry of food manufacturing. Reaching well beyond standard applications in medicine and the environment to areas of biotechnology, aquaculture, agriculture, and food processing, this book promotes analogical thinking that will lead to creative solutions. While keeping the mathematics to a minimum, it explains principles of effective system modeling and demonstrates a wide variety of problem-solving techniques. Readers will find: * Systems diagrams comparing and contrasting different transport processes * Biological examples for all types of systems, including metabolic pathways, locomotion, reproduction, responses to thermal conditions, and more * Numerous design charts and procedures * An extensive collection of tables of parameter values, not found in any other text. An ideal undergraduate text for biological engineering students taking courses in transport processes, Biological Process Engineering is also an excellent reference for practicing engineers. It introduces the reader to diverse biological phenomena, serves as a stepping-stone to more theoretical topics, and provides important insights into the fast-growing arena of biological engineering.