Food Drying Science And Technology

A guide to the major food drying techniques and equipment. It features technologies for meats, fruits, vegetables, and seafood. It covers microbial issues and safety. It includes designs for drying systems and manufacturing lines, and information on microbial safety, preservation, and packaging.

The goal of all drying research and development is to develop cost-effective innovative processes that yield high-quality dried products with less energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. With the literature on drying widely scattered, Advanced Drying Technologies for Foods compiles under one cover concise, authoritative, up-to-date assessments of modern drying technologies applied to foods. This book assembles a number of internationally recognized experts to provide critical reviews of advanced drying technologies, their merits and limitations, application areas and research opportunities for further development. Features: Provides critical reviews of advanced drying technologies Discusses the merits and limitations of a variety of food drying technologies Explains drying kinetics, energy consumption and quality of food products Reviews the principles and recent applications of superheated steam drying The first four chapters deal with recent developments in field-assisted drying technologies. These include drying techniques with the utilization of electromagnetic fields to deliver energy required for drying, for example, microwave drying, radio frequency drying, electrohydrodynamic drying, and infrared radiation drying. The remainder of this book covers a wide assortment of recently developed technologies, which include pulse drying, swell drying, impinging stream drying, and selected advances in spray drying. The final chapter includes some innovative technologies which are gaining ground and are covered in depth in a number of review articles and handbooks, and hence covered briefly in the interest completeness. This book is a valuable reference work for researchers in academia as well as industry and will encourage further research and development and innovations in food drying technologies.

Drying is by far the most useful large scale operation method of keeping solid foods safe for long periods of time, and is of fundamental importance in most sectors of food processing. Drying operations need to be precisely controlled and optimized in order to produce a good quality product that has the highest level of nutrient retention and flavor whilst maintaining microbial safety. This volume provides an up to date account of all the major drying technologies employed in the food industry and their underlying scientific principles and effects. Various equipment designs are classified and described. The impact of drying on food properties is covered, and the micro-structural changes caused by the process are examined, highlighting their usefulness in process analysis and food design. Key methods for assessing food properties of dried products are described, and pre-concentration and drying control strategies are reviewed. Thermal hazards and fire/explosion detection and prevention for dryers are discussed in a dedicated chapter. Where appropriate, sample calculations are included for engineers and technologists to follow. The book is directed at food scientists and technologists in industry and research, food engineers and drying equipment manufacturers.

Drying is an important unit operation used in the industry for processing and preservation of food products. Food industry always looks for cost effective and energy efficient drying techniques to commercially succeed in their ventures and to fulfill demand of high quality dried food products. Although a large volume of technical literature is available on drying of foods, it is still quite challenging for scientists and engineers to improve upon the existing drying systems and quality of the products. The book consists of 14 chapters detailing freeze drying, atmospheric freeze drying, swell drying, multi-flash drying, electro-hydrodynamic drying, pulse combustion drying, foam mat drying, ultrasound- assisted drying and fluidized bed drying. It also includes chapters which are commodity-specific such as mushroom drying, drying and roasting of cocoa and coffee beans. The degradation mechanism and kinetics of vitamin C degradation in fruits and vegetables, kinetics modeling of drying process for the recovery of bioactive compounds and energy calculation procedures for dryers is also covered which would be helpful to improve dryer operation and efficiency.

Although strides have been made to quantitatively explore micro-level structural changes during food processing using advanced technologies, there is currently no comprehensive book that details these developments. Therefore, the research community and related industries are not fully aware of the available techniques. Advanced Micro-Level Experimental Techniques for Food Drying and Processing Applications fills this gap. The book has been written based on the authors’ comprehensive knowledge and application of microimaging methods in the thermal processing of food. Features Describes the latest micro-level experimental methods primarily using microimaging techniques Presents detailed procedures of applying these techniques in food processing Highlights the current challenges of developing efficient and novel food processing systems Describes the fundamentals of water transport processes and associated morphological changes during thermal processing of food materials This book is written for researchers, chemical, food, and industrial engineers and advanced students seeking to solve problems of industrial food processing.

Drying Science and Technology provides a thorough and current investigation of the complex area of drying processes. This book is a collaborative effort that brings together prominent professionals to give a comprehensive grasp of drying science’s concepts, methodology, and applications. The book opens by underlining the importance of drying operations in a variety of sectors, including food preservation and materials processing. This opening portion provides the framework for a varied investigation that will appeal to a wide range of readers. The book covers fundamental ideas and digs into the heat and mass transport mechanisms that underpin drying processes. Readers are taken through the fundamentals that determine the efficiency and quality of drying processes, laying the groundwork for additional in-depth research. A large portion of the book is dedicated to a variety of drying processes and procedures, both traditional and cutting-edge. From basic convection drying to modern technologies such as freeze drying and microwave drying, each strategy is evaluated for its uses, benefits, and drawbacks. This broad cover guarantees that readers obtain a full understanding of the equipment available for various drying applications. The use of mathematical modeling provides a quantitative dimension to the book, with chapters focused on the development, evaluation, and application of models in drying science. This part is intended for scholars and practitioners who want a better knowledge of the quantitative features that underpin the discipline. The book highlights the dynamic nature of drying research and includes the most recent advances in drying technology. Innovations in equipment and approaches highlight the changing landscape of drying research, providing insights into cutting-edge discoveries that will impact the field’s future. With a balanced combination of theoretical insights and practical applications, Drying Science and Technology is an invaluable resource for students, researchers, and professionals working in the various fields of drying.

Spray drying is a well-established method for transforming liquid materials into dry powder form. Widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, this technology produces high quality powders with low moisture content, resulting in a wide range of shelf stable food and other biologically significant products. Encapsulation technology for bioactive compounds has gained momentum in the last few decades and a series of valuable food compounds, namely flavours, carotenoids and microbial cells have been successfully encapsulated using spray drying. Spray Drying Technique for Food Ingredient Encapsulation provides an insight into the engineering aspects of the spray drying process in relation to the encapsulation of food ingredients, choice of wall materials, and an overview of the various food ingredients encapsulated using spray drying. The book also throws light upon the recent advancements in the field of encapsulation by spray drying, i.e., nanospray dryers for production of nanocapsules and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Addressing the basics of the technology and its applications, the book will be a reference for scientists, engineers and product developers in the industry.

This book presents a comprehensive review of renewable energy-based sustainable drying techniques for developing countries. Aspiring towards a world with zero food waste, the book has provided discussion on sustainable drying techniques in terms of energy efficiency. The socio-economic condition of each developing country is unique; therefore, has specific technological requirements. As such, the book presents discussions on food waste scenario around the world, the socio-economic status of developing countries and their correlation with food. The book gives an overview of the quality aspects of drying, along with the required energy and time to retain these features. Additionally, a method of selecting drying techniques for developing countries, taking the cost and safety factor into consideration, has been discussed extensively Also, the renewable and non-renewable energy resources of low income, lower-middle income, middle income, and high-income developing countries have been analyzed and presented. The book also highlights the available drying techniques that are currently being practiced by the consumers and industries of developing countries. The book recommends ten sustainable drying technologies for the developing countries and describes their working principle. Discussion on potential challenges for sustainable drying technology adoption is also presented. The book presents up-to-date research on sustainable drying techniques and their impact on developing countries to reduce food waste. Food waste is not only a humanitarian concern but also a threat to environmental sustainability. Currently, one-third of all produced food is being wasted, when nearly 805 million people - including children remain undernourished on a daily basis. In an effort to solve this crisis, a number of food preservations techniques are being practiced in food supply chain. Drying is one such preservation technique that prevents microbial proliferation, slows enzymatic reaction and preserves the physio-chemical properties of food. Albeit, drying is an effective means of food preservation; it is also highly energy-intensive. Developing countries do not have sufficient energy and financial resources to adopt conventional (expensive and high energy) drying techniques. As such, this is the first reference work dedicated to discussing the prospects and challenges of sustainable (renewable energy based and inexpensive) drying techniques for developing countries in order to reduce food waste. Sustainable food drying techniques in developing countries: Prospects and Challenges is a singular work in the field of food preservation and affordable drying technology.