Function Selection And Design

A complete sourcebook for philosophical discussion of the nature of function in biology.

We have written this book as a guide to the design and analysis of field studies of resource selection, concentrating primarily on statistical aspects of the comparison of the use and availability of resources of different types. Our intended audience is field ecologists in general and, in particular, wildlife and fisheries biologists who are attempting to measure the extent to which real animal populations are selective in their choice of food and habitat. As such, we have made no attempt to address those aspects of theoretical ecology that are concerned with how animals might choose their resources if they acted in an optimal manner. The book is based on the concept of a resource selection function (RSF), where this is a function of characteristics measured on resourceunits such that its value for a unit is proportional to the probability of that unit being used. We argue that this concept leads to a unified theory for the analysis and interpretation of data on resource selection and can replace many ad hoc statistical methods that have been used in the past.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Computer Science - Software, grade: 87.2, , language: English, abstract: This final year project is the central part of the educational administration system for Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), which allows students to select courses and gives students access to course offerings via online as well as the ability to complete various administrative functions allowing for a better management of curriculum decisions in the context of academic objectives. The objective of these systems is to make this process more convenient and easier to achieve which has been met with varying levels of success. This Course Selection Portal will be operated by three users, the administrator, students and lecturers. This system will be developed using PHP, MySQL, jQuery, HTML, JavaScript, CSS and Bootstrap. The front-end is designed using PHP with excerpts of code written using jQuery, HTML, JavaScript, CSS and Bootstrap. The back-end is designed and managed through MySQL using a software called WAMP Server. This system software is more secured, user-friendly and less time-consuming.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International conference on Mechatronics and Intelligent Materials (MIM 2014), May 18-19, 2014, LiJiang, China

This book presents topics on the basics of materials selection and design which will give a better understanding on the selection methods and then find suitable materials for the applications. This book draws the simple and straightforward quantitative methods followed by knowledge-based expert system approach with real and tangible case studies to show how undergraduate or post-graduate students or engineers can apply their knowledge on materials selection and design. Topics discussed in this book contain special features such as illustration, tables and tutorial questions for easy understanding. A few published books or documents are available, hence this book will be very useful for those who use (or want to use) materials selection approach without the advantages of having had comprehensive knowledge or expertise in this materials’ world.

This volume handles in various perspectives the concept of function and the nature of functional explanations, topics much discussed since two major and conflicting accounts have been raised by Larry Wright and Robert Cummins’ papers in the 1970s. Here, both Wright’s ‘etiological theory of functions’ and Cummins’ ‘systemic’ conception of functions are refined and elaborated in the light of current scientific practice, with papers showing how the ‘etiological’ theory faces several objections and may in reply be revisited, while its counterpart became ever more sophisticated, as researchers discovered fresh applications for it. Relying on a firm knowledge of the original positions and debates, this volume presents cutting-edge research evincing the complexities that today pertain in function theory in various sciences. Alongside original papers from authors central to the controversy, work by emerging researchers taking novel perspectives will add to the potential avenues to be followed in the future. Not only does the book adopt no a priori assumptions about the scope of functional explanations, it also incorporates material from several very different scientific domains, e.g. neurosciences, ecology, or technology. In general, functions are implemented in mechanisms; and functional explanations in biology have often an essential relation with natural selection. These two basic claims set the stage for this book’s coverage of investigations concerning both ‘functional’ explanations, and the ‘metaphysics’ of functions. It casts new light on these claims, by testing them through their confrontation with scientific developments in biology, psychology, and recent developments concerning the metaphysics of realization. Rather than debating a single theory of functions, this book presents the richness of philosophical issues raised by functional discourse throughout the various sciences.​

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