Fundamentals Of Number Theory

This excellent textbook introduces the basics of number theory, incorporating the language of abstract algebra. A knowledge of such algebraic concepts as group, ring, field, and domain is not assumed, however; all terms are defined and examples are given — making the book self-contained in this respect. The author begins with an introductory chapter on number theory and its early history. Subsequent chapters deal with unique factorization and the GCD, quadratic residues, number-theoretic functions and the distribution of primes, sums of squares, quadratic equations and quadratic fields, diophantine approximation, and more. Included are discussions of topics not always found in introductory texts: factorization and primality of large integers, p-adic numbers, algebraic number fields, Brun's theorem on twin primes, and the transcendence of e, to mention a few. Readers will find a substantial number of well-chosen problems, along with many notes and bibliographical references selected for readability and relevance. Five helpful appendixes — containing such study aids as a factor table, computer-plotted graphs, a table of indices, the Greek alphabet, and a list of symbols — and a bibliography round out this well-written text, which is directed toward undergraduate majors and beginning graduate students in mathematics. No post-calculus prerequisite is assumed. 1977 edition.

An update of the most accessible introductory number theory text available, Fundamental Number Theory with Applications, Second Edition presents a mathematically rigorous yet easy-to-follow treatment of the fundamentals and applications of the subject. The substantial amount of reorganizing makes this edition clearer and more elementary in its coverage. New to the Second Edition • Removal of all advanced material to be even more accessible in scope • New fundamental material, including partition theory, generating functions, and combinatorial number theory • Expanded coverage of random number generation, Diophantine analysis, and additive number theory • More applications to cryptography, primality testing, and factoring • An appendix on the recently discovered unconditional deterministic polynomial-time algorithm for primality testing Taking a truly elementary approach to number theory, this text supplies the essential material for a first course on the subject. Placed in highlighted boxes to reduce distraction from the main text, nearly 70 biographies focus on major contributors to the field. The presentation of over 1,300 entries in the index maximizes cross-referencing so students can find data with ease.

The branch of pure mathematics that is dedicated to study of integers is called number theory or arithmetic. Number theory studies the properties of prime numbers, rational numbers, and algebraic integers. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to number theory. Such selected concepts that redefine this subject have been presented in it. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this textbook. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of information.

A Spiral Workbook for Discrete Mathematics covers the standard topics in a sophomore-level course in discrete mathematics: logic, sets, proof techniques, basic number theory, functions,relations, and elementary combinatorics, with an emphasis on motivation. The text explains and claries the unwritten conventions in mathematics, and guides the students through a detailed discussion on how a proof is revised from its draft to a nal polished form. Hands-on exercises help students understand a concept soon after learning it. The text adopts a spiral approach: many topics are revisited multiple times, sometimes from a dierent perspective or at a higher level of complexity, in order to slowly develop the student's problem-solving and writing skills.

This comprehensive two-volume work is devoted to the most general beginnings of mathematics. It goes back to Hausdorff’s classic Set Theory (2nd ed., 1927), where set theory and the theory of functions were expounded as the fundamental parts of mathematics in such a way that there was no need for references to other sources. Along the lines of Hausdorff’s initial work (1st ed., 1914), measure and integration theory is also included here as the third fundamental part of contemporary mathematics.The material about sets and numbers is placed in Volume 1 and the material about functions and measures is placed in Volume 2. Contents Fundamentals of the theory of classes, sets, and numbers Characterization of all natural models of Neumann – Bernays – Godel and Zermelo – Fraenkel set theories Local theory of sets as a foundation for category theory and its connection with the Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory Compactness theorem for generalized second-order language

Written by a distinguished mathematician and teacher, this undergraduate text uses a combinatorial approach to accommodate both math majors and liberal arts students. In addition to covering the basics of number theory, it offers an outstanding introduction to partitions, plus chapters on multiplicativity-divisibility, quadratic congruences, additivity, and more.

Starting with the fundamentals of number theory, this text advances to an intermediate level. Author Harold N. Shapiro, Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at New York University's Courant Institute, addresses this treatment toward advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Selected chapters, sections, and exercises are appropriate for undergraduate courses. The first five chapters focus on the basic material of number theory, employing special problems, some of which are of historical interest. Succeeding chapters explore evolutions from the notion of congruence, examine a variety of applications related to counting problems, and develop the roots of number theory. Two "do-it-yourself" chapters offer readers the chance to carry out small-scale mathematical investigations that involve material covered in previous chapters.