Fungous Diseases Of The Honeybee

Excerpt from Fungous Diseases of the Honeybee The study of diseases of bees due to fungi has been much later in its development than the study of those caused by bacteria. Much the greater share of the attention of investigators of bee diseases has been given to the two serious bacterial brood diseases, American foul brood and European foulbrood, caused respectively by B lemme and B. Pluton. In America only two reports are on record of diseases of bees and their brood caused by hyphomycetous fungi. In 1896 Howard of Texas, described a new brood disease which he called pickled brood or white fungus, caused by a species of Aspergillus to which he gave the name Aspergillus Two years later he described (15) the same disease as occurring in both pupae and adult bees and stated his belief that this disease had been mistakenly diagnosed by beekeepers as paralysis. In both reports Howard gives descriptions and illustrations of the disease, which he called pickled brood or white fungus, which are more readily applicable to the disease known as sacbrood than to those caused by fungi. He ascribed this disease to the pathogenic Aspergillus, A. Pollini. The dead larvae are described as at first white and watery, later becoming black and swollen, and finally dry ing down to black scales. In no case was the fungus, which Howard assumes to be the cause of the disease, observed on the larvae, and isolations of the organism were not made. In adult bees the disease is described as causing black, shiny, apparently frozen abdomens. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Ein unerlässliches Referenzwerk für die Gesunderhaltung von Honigbienen. Honey Bee Medicine for Veterinary Practitioners ist ein zuverlässiger Leitfaden für die Gesunderhaltung von Honigbienen und des Bienenstocks. Dieses Fachbuch für Veterinärmediziner und weitere Experten bietet nützliche Informationen, Antworten auf häufige Fragen und erleichtert die Untersuchung des Bienenstocks. Behandelt werden eine Vielzahl von Themen, von den Grundlagen der Haltung, Ausrüstung und Sicherheit über Anatomie und Genetik bis hin zu Diagnose und Management von Krankheiten. Aktuelle Informationen zur Varroa-Milbe und anderen Bienenschädlingen werden präsentiert, ebenso eine Einführung zur Pharmakologie und Toxikologie bei Bienen und zur Ökologie einheimischer Bienen. Inhalte des neuen Referenzwerks: - Leitfaden zur veterinärmedizinischen Betreuung von Honigbienen. - Informationen zu den Grundlagen der Haltung, zu Untersuchung, Verfahren, Fütterung u.v.m. - Erfolgreicher Umgang mit Fragen und ?Notfällen?. - Mit nützlichen Fotos, Zeichnungen, Tabellen und Grafiken. Das Fachbuch richtet sich an Veterinärmediziner, Studenten der Veterinärmedizin, Veterinärtechniker, Wissenschaftler und Bienenkundler. Honey Bee Medicine for the Veterinary Practioner ist ein praxisorientiertes und umfassendes Nachschlagewerk über die Gesunderhaltung von Honigbienen.

Chalk brood of honeybees (Apis mellifera) is caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis. It was first diagnosed in Australia in 1993 and is now endemic in most areas of Australia. Although chalk brood is not usually fatal to honeybee colonies it can cause substantial production losses The aim of this study was firstly to review the literature on chalk brood so as to distil into one document the various control measures that have been used to reduce the economic losses caused by this disease. Secondly, the aim was to identify areas that could be investigated so as to expedite the development of control strategies to minimise the economic losses caused by chalk brood.

Fungal growths affect both human and animal well-being. Many natural pathogens of laboratory animals alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for experimental uses. While the number and prevalence of few pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. Investigators using laboratory animals in biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects that many of these agents can have on research. What does the future hold regarding the natural pathogens of laboratory animals? The selection of an animal model must carefully address issues of the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow, and the collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions being asked. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will continue to deepen our understanding of how these infections occur. This book provides a valuable source of information to biological and biomedical scientists and to clinical and doctoral researchers working in the area of fungal infections and diseases of laboratory animal species.

Whether you are a novice looking to get started with bees, an experienced apiculturist looking for ideas to develop an integrated pest-management approach, or someone who wants to sell honey at a premium price, this is the book you’ve been waiting for. Now revised and updated with new resources and including full-color photos throughout, Natural Beekeeping offers all the latest information in a book that has already proven invaluable for organic beekeepers. The new edition offers the same holistic, sensible alternative to conventional chemical practices with a program of natural hive management, but offers new sections on a wide range of subjects, including: The basics of bee biology and anatomy Urban beekeeping Identifying and working with queens Parasitic mite control Hive diseases Also, a completely new chapter on marketing provides valuable advice for anyone who intends to sell a wide range of hive products. Other chapters include: Hive Management Genetics and Breeding The Honey Harvest The Future of Organic Beekeeping Ross Conrad brings together the best “do no harm” strategies for keeping honeybees healthy and productive with nontoxic methods of controlling mites; eliminating American foulbrood disease without the use of antibiotics; selective breeding for naturally resistant bees; and many other detailed management techniques, which are covered in a thoughtful, matter-of-fact way.

Fungal pathogens pose an on-going and serious threat for poikilotherms and homeotherms, and can cause a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from innocuous to life-threatening. In addition, long-term exposure to some mycotoxigenic moulds can lead to mycotoxicoses in human and animals. Given the expanding population of immune compromised hosts, the list of fungal opportunists grows longer every year. Moreover, antifungal resistance, drug-related toxicity and our limited arsenal of antifungals have exacerbated the situation. To address these problems, strategies such as the identification of novel targets, use of the structure-activity relationship in rational drug design, development of new formulations, modification of existing antifungals to combat resistance, and bioavailability enhancement are called for. For the reader’s convenience, this book has been divided into three sections. The first six chapters of Section I provide a timely review of mycoses, from endemic to cosmopolitan and from generalized to specific, while both chapters of Section II focus on risks associated with mycotoxins. In closing, the two chapters of Section III describe potential antifungal leads and drug candidates based on phytochemicals and coumarin scaffold.