Future Trends Of Hpc In A Disruptive Scenario

The realization that the use of components off the shelf (COTS) could reduce costs sparked the evolution of the massive parallel computing systems available today. The main problem with such systems is the development of suitable operating systems, algorithms and application software that can utilise the potential processing power of large numbers of processors. As a result, systems comprising millions of processors are still limited in the applications they can efficiently solve. Two alternative paradigms that may offer a solution to this problem are Quantum Computers (QC) and Brain Inspired Computers (BIC). This book presents papers from the 14th edition of the biennial international conference on High Performance Computing - From Clouds and Big Data to Exascale and Beyond, held in Cetraro, Italy, from 2 - 6 July 2018. It is divided into 4 sections covering data science, quantum computing, high-performance computing, and applications. The papers presented during the workshop covered a wide spectrum of topics on new developments in the rapidly evolving supercomputing field – including QC and BIC – and a selection of contributions presented at the workshop are included in this volume. In addition, two papers presented at a workshop on Brain Inspired Computing in 2017 and an overview of work related to data science executed by a number of universities in the USA, parts of which were presented at the 2018 and previous workshops, are also included. The book will be of interest to all those whose work involves high-performance computing.

The year 2019 marked four decades of cluster computing, a history that began in 1979 when the first cluster systems using Components Off The Shelf (COTS) became operational. This achievement resulted in a rapidly growing interest in affordable parallel computing for solving compute intensive and large scale problems. It also directly lead to the founding of the Parco conference series. Starting in 1983, the International Conference on Parallel Computing, ParCo, has long been a leading venue for discussions of important developments, applications, and future trends in cluster computing, parallel computing, and high-performance computing. ParCo2019, held in Prague, Czech Republic, from 10 – 13 September 2019, was no exception. Its papers, invited talks, and specialized mini-symposia addressed cutting-edge topics in computer architectures, programming methods for specialized devices such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and graphical processing units (GPUs), innovative applications of parallel computers, approaches to reproducibility in parallel computations, and other relevant areas. This book presents the proceedings of ParCo2019, with the goal of making the many fascinating topics discussed at the meeting accessible to a broader audience. The proceedings contains 57 contributions in total, all of which have been peer-reviewed after their presentation. These papers give a wide ranging overview of the current status of research, developments, and applications in parallel computing.

This book presents the state of the art in High Performance Computing on modern supercomputer architectures. It addresses trends in hardware and software development in general. The contributions cover a broad range of topics, from performance evaluations in context with power efficiency to Computational Fluid Dynamics and High Performance Data Analytics. In addition, they explore new topics like the use of High Performance Computers in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. All contributions are based on selected papers presented at the 30th Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance (WSSP) held at the High Performance Computing Center, University of Stuttgart, Germany in October 2019 and on the papers for the planned Workshop on Sustained Simulation Performance in March 2020, which could not take place due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Recent developments in soft-computation techniques have paved the way for handling huge volumes of data, thereby bringing about significant changes and technological advancements. This book presents the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Emerging Current Trends in Computing & Expert Technology (COMET 2020), held at Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India on 6 and 7 March 2020. The aim of the book is to disseminate cutting-edge developments taking place in the technological fields of intelligent systems and computer technology, thereby assisting researchers and practitioners from both institutions and industry to upgrade their knowledge of the latest developments and emerging areas of study. It focuses on technological innovations and trendsetting initiatives to improve business values, optimize business processes and enable inclusive growth for corporates, industries and education alike. The book is divided into two sections; ‘Next Generation Soft Computing’ is a platform for scientists, researchers, practitioners and academics to present and discuss their most recent innovations, trends and concerns, as well as the practical challenges encountered in the field. The second section, ‘Evolutionary Networking and Communications’ focuses on various aspects of 5G communications systems and networking, including cloud and virtualization solutions, management technologies, and vertical application areas. It brings together the latest technologies from all over the world, and also provides an excellent international forum for the sharing of knowledge and results from theory, methodology and applications in networking and communications. The book will be of interest to all those working in the fields of intelligent systems and computer technology.

Recent developments in the fields of intelligent computing and communication have paved the way for the handling of current and upcoming problems and brought about significant technological advancements. This book presents the proceedings of IConIC 2021, the 4th International Conference on Intelligent Computing, held on 26 and 27 March 2021 in Chennai, India. The principle objective of the annual IConIC conference is to provide an international scientific forum where participants can exchange innovative ideas in relevant fields and interact in depth through discussion with their peer group. The theme of the 2021 conference and this book is ‘Smart Intelligent Computing and Communication Technology’, and the 109 papers included here focus on the technological innovations and trendsetting initiatives in medicine, industry, education and security that are improving and optimizing business and technical processes and enabling inclusive growth. The papers are grouped under 2 headings: Evolution of Computing Intelligence; and Computing and Communication, and cover a broad range of intelligent-computing research and applications. The book provides an overview of the cutting-edge developments and emerging areas of study in the technological fields of intelligent computing, and will be of interest to researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry.

The rapid advance of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has resulted in the number of IoT-connected devices growing exponentially, with billions of connected devices worldwide. While this development brings with it great opportunities for many fields of science, engineering, business and everyday life, it also presents challenges such as an architectural bottleneck – with a very large number of IoT devices connected to a rather small number of servers in Cloud data centers – and the problem of data deluge. Edge computing aims to alleviate the computational burden of the IoT for the Cloud by pushing some of the computations and logics of processing from the Cloud to the Edge of the Internet. It is becoming commonplace to allocate tasks and applications such as data filtering, classification, semantic enrichment and data aggregation to this layer, but to prevent this new layer from itself becoming another bottleneck for the whole computing stack from IoT to the Cloud, the Edge computing layer needs to be capable of implementing massively parallel and distributed algorithms efficiently. This book, Advances in Edge Computing: Massive Parallel Processing and Applications, addresses these challenges in 11 chapters. Subjects covered include: Fog storage software architecture; IoT-based crowdsourcing; the industrial Internet of Things; privacy issues; smart home management in the Cloud and the Fog; and a cloud robotic solution to assist medical applications. Providing an overview of developments in the field, the book will be of interest to all those working with the Internet of Things and Edge computing.

This volume offers an up-to-date overview of essential concepts and modern approaches to computational modelling, including the use of experimental techniques related to or directly inspired by them. The book introduces, at increasing levels of complexity and with the non-specialist in mind, state-of-the-art topics ranging from single-cell and molecular descriptions to circuits and networks. Four major themes are covered, including subcellular modelling of ion channels and signalling pathways at the molecular level, single-cell modelling at different levels of spatial complexity, network modelling from local microcircuits to large-scale simulations of entire brain areas and practical examples. Each chapter presents a systematic overview of a specific topic and provides the reader with the fundamental tools needed to understand the computational modelling of neural dynamics. This book is aimed at experimenters and graduate students with little or no prior knowledge of modelling who are interested in learning about computational models from the single molecule to the inter-areal communication of brain structures. The book will appeal to computational neuroscientists, engineers, physicists and mathematicians interested in contributing to the field of neuroscience. Chapters 6, 10 and 11 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The eight-volume set LNCS 12901, 12902, 12903, 12904, 12905, 12906, 12907, and 12908 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2021, held in Strasbourg, France, in September/October 2021.* The 531 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1630 submissions in a double-blind review process. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: image segmentation Part II: machine learning - self-supervised learning; machine learning - semi-supervised learning; and machine learning - weakly supervised learning Part III: machine learning - advances in machine learning theory; machine learning - attention models; machine learning - domain adaptation; machine learning - federated learning; machine learning - interpretability / explainability; and machine learning - uncertainty Part IV: image registration; image-guided interventions and surgery; surgical data science; surgical planning and simulation; surgical skill and work flow analysis; and surgical visualization and mixed, augmented and virtual reality Part V: computer aided diagnosis; integration of imaging with non-imaging biomarkers; and outcome/disease prediction Part VI: image reconstruction; clinical applications - cardiac; and clinical applications - vascular Part VII: clinical applications - abdomen; clinical applications - breast; clinical applications - dermatology; clinical applications - fetal imaging; clinical applications - lung; clinical applications - neuroimaging - brain development; clinical applications - neuroimaging - DWI and tractography; clinical applications - neuroimaging - functional brain networks; clinical applications - neuroimaging – others; and clinical applications - oncology Part VIII: clinical applications - ophthalmology; computational (integrative) pathology; modalities - microscopy; modalities - histopathology; and modalities - ultrasound *The conference was held virtually.