Games Power And Democracies

Picture a government that measures civic value on a numbered scale, with civic performances tallied on leader boards, like a football match. Imagine if civic value was viewed as a game played by everyday citizens, sometimes in competition, other times working in harmony towards a common goal. And imagine that winners were celebrated (and losers blamed) collectively. Sounds a little far-fetched? Think again. ‘Gamified’ public power is much closer to reality than it may first appear. Attempts to innovate policy-making through entailing game elements are ubiquitous, at both national and supranational levels. This book explores the potential - and describes the limits - of the use of gamification in the public sector. In doing so, this book aims to contribute to the task of imagining what the exercise of public power might become, including its promises and threats.

This volume discusses the promises and the challenges behind the use of gamification in public governance, both at the national and supranational levels. The first section reviews the landscape of gamification--taking a brief look at its history, providing definitions and examples of its application within the private and public sectors (at the national level), and introducing the readers to a number of problems linked with the use of gamification. The second part shifts the focus from the descriptive to the problematic analysis of gamification in governance. The third section ventures beyond the empirical analysis to address the impact of gamification strategies on participatory democracy in the national and supranational legal spaces.

Drawing on the tools of game design to fix democracy. Anyone who has ever been to a public hearing or community meeting would agree that participatory democracy can be boring. Hours of repetitive presentations, alternatingly alarmist or complacent, for or against, accompanied by constant heckling, often with no clear outcome or decision. Is this the best democracy can offer? In Making Democracy Fun, Josh Lerner offers a novel solution for the sad state of our deliberative democracy: the power of good game design. What if public meetings featured competition and collaboration (such as team challenges), clear rules (presented and modeled in multiple ways), measurable progress (such as scores and levels), and engaging sounds and visuals? These game mechanics would make meetings more effective and more enjoyable—even fun. Lerner reports that institutions as diverse as the United Nations, the U.S. Army, and grassroots community groups are already using games and game-like processes to encourage participation. Drawing on more than a decade of practical experience and extensive research, he explains how games have been integrated into a variety of public programs in North and South America. He offers rich stories of game techniques in action, in children's councils, social service programs, and participatory budgeting and planning. With these real-world examples in mind, Lerner describes five kinds of games and twenty-six game mechanics that are especially relevant for democracy. He finds that when governments and organizations use games and design their programs to be more like games, public participation becomes more attractive, effective, and transparent. Game design can make democracy fun—and make it work.

This book examines democracy and governance from the unconventional and largely under researched vantage point of information. It looks at the exclusionary informational dynamics in democracy and analyses the role of information capitalism, new technology, virtual networks, cyberspace and media. While emphasizing the foundational value of information as the ‘source code’ of modern societies the book explains how it is strategically maneuvered in technologies of governance in so-called established and credible democracies. It studies the neutralization and subversion as well as the complex, nuanced and multidimensional act of othering of people, who are supposed to be the repository of power in democracy and in whose interest the business of governance is expected to be conducted. The work highlights the challenges of technocratic interpretations, stunted public policy communication, hyped information society, cooption through the state-of-the-art capitalism, rhetoric of virtual networks and the often-unilateral agenda of mainstream media. A major intervention in understanding the nature of contemporary democracy and polity, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics, media, political communication and technology studies.

A transition agreement is a rational game, with political actors choosing moves that will avoid widespread violence and civil war. As Josep M. Colomer argues, game theory is particularly appropriate to offer a theoretical framework for the study of democratic transitions, since it assumes that collective outcomes result from strategies chosen by self-interested actors. In particular, the cooperative, efficient equilibria of two "mugging" games and the famous "prisoner's dilemma" game point out that opportunities for mutual benefit exist within different models of transition. Strategic Transitions applies game theory to an analysis of Central Europe after the fall of Communism and, in particular, to the transitions in the former Soviet Union and in Poland. The strategic approach adopted by Colomer helps to explain the development of political reforms and democratization, even in the absence of the "structural preconditions" often postulated in other studies. With its application of game theory to democratic transitions, Strategic Transitions provides fresh insight into how political actors make the choices that move nations from authoritarian to more democratic regimes.

An introduction to twenty-first century Latin America -- Early history -- Democracy and dictators : a historical overview from independence to the present day - The other Americans -- Society, family, and gender -- Religion in Latin America -- The political economy of Latin America -- Democracy and authoritarianism : Latin American political culture -- Politics, power, institutions, and actors -- Struggling for change : revolution, social and political movements in Latin America -- U.S.-Latin American relations -- Mexico / Nora Hamilton and Patrice Olsen -- Argentina / Aldo C. Vacs -- Brazil / Wilber Albert Chaffee -- Chile / Eduardo Silva -- Colombia / John C. Dugas -- Venezuela / Daniel Hellinger -- Bolivia / Waltraud Q. Morales and Annabelle Conroy -- Cuba / Gary Prevost -- Guatemala / Susanne Jonas and Harry E. Vanden -- Nicaragua / Gary Prevost and Harry E. Vanden -- Appendix 1: Presidential elections -- Appendix 2: Recent legislative elections.