Handbook For Special Agents Intelligence Division

2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Global National Intelligence and Security Agencies Handbook

This handbook provides guidelines to assist special agents in the performance of their duties. It is intended as a training aid for new special agents and a reference book for the more experienced agents. Cases are cited through the text. A Table of Cases is listed in alphabetical order. Exhibits are included.

INTRODUCTION a. The value of all counterintelligence (CI) investigations is linked directly to the quality of reports such investigations yield. The finest investigative work loses its value if the CI Special Agent does not report the results accurately, clearly, and concisely. It is therefore paramount that all CI Special Agents devote a great deal of effort to ensure they become expert report writers. b. CI investigative reports transmit information to a regional control office to provide a record of investigative activities and help decision makers reach informed decisions about the direction an investigation should take. Failure to produce high quality reports could jeopardize national security interests and may result in the loss of American lives. A misguided investigation resulting from poor CI report writing can lead to the loss or destruction of US facilities, the successful carrying out of a terrorist act, or the loss or compromise of classified material, giving an opposing military force a decisive advantage over US Forces on the battlefield. c. The standardization of CI investigative report formats is designed to ensure the logical presentation of specific information, regardless of where, or by whom, the report is prepared. CI reports must present all available information to answer any and all reasonable questions reviewing authorities may need answered. d. Quality CI reports rely heavily upon the CI Special Agent’s attention to detail. Readers of CI reports must understand fully and exactly what the CI Special Agent is reporting. The report becomes the sole source of information on that particular investigative activity. Reports must be: (1) Accurate: Accuracy is the most important characteristic of any report. Accuracy means precise, exact reporting and careful descriptions. The report must accurately reflect the facts furnished by the interviewee. If a Source expresses an opinion or belief which is not a known fact, you must report it as such. Reports must state exactly what the source saw, heard, said, and did. (2) Pertinent: Pertinent information relates directly to the investigation. It can be any information that leads to a better understanding of the facts and the persons involved. (3) Clear: The report must be logically organized and understandable. CI Special Agents must write sentences clearly to avoid any possible misinterpretation of the facts. You must emphasize ideas in a direct, uncomplicated style using standard, grammatically correct English, and simple wording. (4) Unbiased: An unbiased report includes all pertinent information about the incident under investigation. You must never omit information that does not support your view of the facts. You must do your best not to form your own opinion about what happened in order to remain an objective, impartial, and unbiased reporter of facts. (5) Concise: A concise report is straight to the point. Conciseness implies brevity, but does not dictate the length of the report, which will depend on the information available. While we should strive for brevity, we must never sacrifice accuracy or completeness in the process. (6) Complete: Reports must contain all the facts that answer the six basic interrogatives: WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, and HOW. The report must leave no unanswered questions. If you omit a single link in the chain of facts, decision makers may make incorrect decisions, the results of which could prove disastrous. Proofread all your completed reports and compare them to your notes. (7) Uniformity: Agencies write reports in very much the same format throughout the Department of Defense (with the exception of some regional differences based on geographical peculiarities). This ensures all persons who may read the report regardless of location easily understand the information.

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The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence is a state-of-the-art work on intelligence and national security. Edited by Loch Johnson, one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, the handbook examines the topic in full, beginning with an examination of the major theories of intelligence. It then shifts its focus to how intelligence agencies operate, how they collect information from around the world, the problems that come with transforming "raw" information into credible analysis, and the difficulties in disseminating intelligence to policymakers. It also considers the balance between secrecy and public accountability, and the ethical dilemmas that covert and counterintelligence operations routinely present to intelligence agencies. Throughout, contributors factor in broader historical and political contexts that are integral to understanding how intelligence agencies function in our information-dominated age. The book is organized into the following sections: theories and methods of intelligence studies; historical background; the collection and processing of intelligence; the analysis and production of intelligence; the challenges of intelligence dissemination; counterintelligence and counterterrorism; covert action; intelligence and accountability; and strategic intelligence in other nations.