Handbook Of Fullerene Science And Technology

Nanocarbon chemistry and physics is a fast-developing, broad research area - the Nobel prizes in 1996 and 2010 awarded to two key discoveries in the field, and several other nanocarbon achievements of comparable importance. Owing to this rapid growth, the nanocarbon landscape fundamentally changes every few years, creating a need to survey the field on a regular basis to update the books that have become incomplete or even obsolete. As such, this book focuses on fullerenes and metallofullerenes and also on the related areas of nanotubes and graphenes. All the covered research topics provide important fundamental knowledge for the natural sciences, but also for applications in molecular electronics, superconductivity, catalysis, photovoltaics and medical diagnostics. The current nanocarbon research activities have particularly high application potential in the conversion of solar energy, future molecular memories, non-conventional materials for optoelectronics, and new treatments for civilization diseases. Offering a truly up-to-date critical survey of nanocarbon science, its concepts and highlights, it follows the concept of a handbook: it addresses key topics systematically, from historical background, methodological aspects, current important issues, and application potential, all supplied with extensive referencing. With individual chapters written by leading experts with extensive research experience, it is a comprehensive reference resource for graduate students and active researchers alike.

Nanocarbon chemistry and physics is a fast-developing, broad research area – the Nobel prizes in 1996 and 2010 awarded to two key discoveries in the field, and several other nanocarbon achievements of comparable importance. Owing to this rapid growth, the nanocarbon landscape fundamentally changes every few years, creating a need to survey the field on a regular basis to update the books that have become incomplete or even obsolete. As such, this book focuses on fullerenes and metallofullerenes and also on the related areas of nanotubes and graphenes. All the covered research topics provide important fundamental knowledge for the natural sciences, but also for applications in molecular electronics, superconductivity, catalysis, photovoltaics and medical diagnostics. The current nanocarbon research activities have particularly high application potential in the conversion of solar energy, future molecular memories, non-conventional materials for optoelectronics, and new treatments for civilization diseases. Offering a truly up-to-date critical survey of nanocarbon science, its concepts and highlights, it follows the concept of a handbook: it addresses key topics systematically, from historical background, methodological aspects, current important issues, and application potential, all supplied with extensive referencing. With individual chapters written by leading experts with extensive research experience, it is a comprehensive reference resource for graduate students and active researchers alike.

This book is a review of the science and technology of the element carbon and its allotropes: graphite, diamond and the fullerenes. This field has expanded greatly in the last three decades stimulated by many major discoveries such as carbon fibers, low-pressure diamond, and the fullerenes. The need for such a book has been felt for some time. These carbon materials are very different in structure and properties. Some are very old (charcoal), others brand new (the fullerenes). They have different applications and markets and are produced by different segments of the industry. Few studies are available that attempt to review the entire field of carbon as a whole discipline. Moreover these studies were written several decades ago and a generally outdated since the development of the technology is moving very rapidly and scope of applications is constantly expanding and reaching into new fields such as aerospace, automotive, semiconductors, optics, and electronics. In this book the author provides a valuable, up-to-date account of both the newer and traditional forms of carbon, both naturally occurring and man-made. This volume will be a valuable resource for both specialists in, and occasional users of carbon materials.

The fullerenes, hailed as one of the discoveries of the century, have created whole new fields of organic/organometallic chemistry and of physics. Together with the related nanotubes, they hold the promise of providing new materials with novel chemical and solid state properties. The cost of the basic fullerenes is now such that research into them is feasible for very many chemists. This book describes the fundamental aspects of fullerene chemistry. Following brief background on the discovery, basic fullerene nomenclature, and relevant properties (including those of endohedral fullerenes and nanotubes), there are chapters describing the rules governing the addition patterns, and each of the reaction types with representative examples. Leading references are given to key papers describing individual reactions and phenomena. Contents:The Structure and Properties of FullerenesAddition PatternsHydrogenationReduction by Electron Addition, and Reaction of Fullerene Radical Anions with ElectrophilesNucleophilic Addition, and Reaction of Fullerene Anions with ElectrophilesRadical ReactionsNucleophilic Substitution of Fullerenes: Fullerenes as ElectrophilesCycloadditionsOxidation and the Formation of Radical Cations and CationsInorganic and Organometallic Derivatives of FullerenesPolymers, Dendrimers, Dimers, Dumb-bells and Related StructuresHeterofullerenesThe Chemistry of Incar-fullerene (Endohedral Fullerenes) Readership: Undergraduates and researchers in chemistry. Keywords:Fullerenes;Chemistry;(Fullerene) Properties;(Fullerene) Nomenclature;(Fullerene) Reactions;(Fullerene) DiscoveryReviews:“… this is an affordable and readable introduction to experimental fullerene chemistry, with pictures, facts and open problems to whet the appetite of those wondering where these new molecules will lead. It can be recommended to specialists and a general audience alike.”Chemistry in Britain

The discovery of fullerenes, a new allotropic modification of carbon, is a prominent achievement of the late 20th century in chemistry. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the synthesis, properties and applications of fullerene. Topics discussed include phase equilibria in the fullerene-containing system; ionic compounds of fullerenes obtained by synthesis in solution; symmetrical features of fullerene structures in the fundamental domains theory of point symmetry groups; the biomedical application of fullerene; metal complex catalysts in the chemistry of fullerenes; functionalised nanofullerenes for hydrogen storage; self-assembly properties of fullerenes; and, the radiation induced phenomena in fullerenes.

Nanotechnology, science, and engineering spearhead the 21st century revolution that is leading to fundamental breakthroughs in the way materials, devices, and systems are understood, designed, made, and used. With contributions from a host of world-class experts and pioneers in the field, this handbook sets forth the fundamentals of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), studies their fabrication, and explores some of their most promising applications. It provides comprehensive information and references for nanoscale structures, devices, and systems, molecular technology and nanoelectromechanical theory, and promises to become a standard reference for the field.

The field of nanoscience was pioneered in the 1980s with the groundbreaking research on clusters, which later led to the discovery of fullerenes. Handbook of Nanophysics: Clusters and Fullerenes focuses on the fundamental physics of these nanoscale materials and structures. Each peer-reviewed chapter contains a broad-based introduction and enhances understanding of the state-of-the-art scientific content through fundamental equations and illustrations, some in color. This volume covers free clusters, including hydrogen, bimetallic, silicon, metal, and atomic clusters, as well as the cluster interactions. The expert contributors examine how carbon fullerenes are produced and how to characterize their stability. They discuss the structure, properties, and behavior of carbon fullerenes, including the smallest possible fullerene: C20. The book also looks at inorganic fullerenes, such as boron fullerenes, silicon fullerenes, nanocones, and onion-like inorganic fullerenes. Nanophysics brings together multiple disciplines to determine the structural, electronic, optical, and thermal behavior of nanomaterials; electrical and thermal conductivity; the forces between nanoscale objects; and the transition between classical and quantum behavior. Facilitating communication across many disciplines, this landmark publication encourages scientists with disparate interests to collaborate on interdisciplinary projects and incorporate the theory and methodology of other areas into their work.

The serendipitous discovery of the fullerenes by Kroto, Curl and Smalley in 1985, and the isolation and characterization of C60 by Krätschmer and Huffman in 1990 has caused an epidemic of research in this field. As a result, basic research on fullerenes has generated new knowledge as published in thousands of journal papers. The nuclear and radiation approaches, however, have been somewhat neglected in books dedicated to fullerene sciences, although these approaches have generated very interesting knowledge on the structure and composition of these new all-carbon molecules. This monograph intends to bridge this gap by dealing with the various aspects of nuclear sciences as applied to the generation of new knowledge in fullerene sciences. Ten chapters appear in this volume and were chosen to present a panoramic view and to provide theoretical perspectives, research methods, and experimental results on the topic. This book will serve both as an introduction to the subfield and as an aid to setting an agenda for scientists interested in this area of research. This is the first volume in a new series devoted to the developments in fullerene science.