Handbook Of Muscle Variations And Anomalies In Humans

Most textbooks and atlases of human anatomy chronicle only a few cases of muscle variations in the "normal" human population, or of muscle anomalies within congenital malformations. Consequently, there is a misconception of what is considered "normal" human anatomy and what that looks like. Each person within the "normal" population has at least a few muscle variations, and there are millions of individuals born globally each year with muscle anomalies. There are crucial knowledge gaps between what is taught, what students learn, what textbooks and atlases show, and what truly happens in nature and within our species. This handbook fills this gap by: 1) providing a comparative evolutionary context for muscle variations and defects in humans, 2) summarizing the major types of variations and anomalies found in humans, and 3) including didactic figures for a visually engaging learning experience. This book is of interest to students, professors, and researchers in biological anthropology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and evolutionary and developmental biology, as well as to clinicians and practicing health professionals. Key Features Summarizes most recorded variations and anomalies for each muscle in the human body Provides information on the comparative anatomy of each muscle, including evolutionary differences from our closest living relatives, the apes Includes didactic illustrations of the variations and anomalies for a visually engaging learning experience Comprehensively reviews literature to document prevalence information for each variation and anomaly, within humans Related Titles Brown, D. E. Human Biological Diversity, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-138-03753-3) Diogo, R., et al. Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology: An Evolutionary and Developmental Guide for Medical Students (ISBN 978-1-4987-5384-5) Diogo, R. Muscles of Chordates: Development, Homologies, and Evolution (ISBN 978-1-138-57116-7)

Most textbooks and atlases of human anatomy chronicle only a few cases of muscle variations in the "normal" human population, or of muscle anomalies within congenital malformations. Consequently, there is a misconception of what is considered "normal" human anatomy and what that looks like. Each person within the "normal" population has at least a few muscle variations, and there are millions of individuals born globally each year with muscle anomalies. There are crucial knowledge gaps between what is taught, what students learn, what textbooks and atlases show, and what truly happens in nature and within our species. This handbook fills this gap by: 1) providing a comparative evolutionary context for muscle variations and defects in humans, 2) summarizing the major types of variations and anomalies found in humans, and 3) including didactic figures for a visually engaging learning experience. This book is of interest to students, professors, and researchers in biological anthropology, comparative anatomy, functional morphology, zoology, and evolutionary and developmental biology, as well as to clinicians and practicing health professionals. Key Features Summarizes most recorded variations and anomalies for each muscle in the human body Provides information on the comparative anatomy of each muscle, including evolutionary differences from our closest living relatives, the apes Includes didactic illustrations of the variations and anomalies for a visually engaging learning experience Comprehensively reviews literature to document prevalence information for each variation and anomaly, within humans Related Titles Brown, D. E. Human Biological Diversity, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-138-03753-3) Diogo, R., et al. Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology: An Evolutionary and Developmental Guide for Medical Students (ISBN 978-1-4987-5384-5) Diogo, R. Muscles of Chordates: Development, Homologies, and Evolution (ISBN 978-1-138-57116-7)

The Routledge Handbook of Sports and Exercise Therapy is a methodically detailed, authoritative, contemporaneous and practical reference source for all those involved in sports and exercise therapy, whether students, established practitioners, educators or researchers. This comprehensive handbook cohesively presents foundational subjects and introduces principles and applications to support the development and practice of sports and exercise therapists. These are presented alongside new essential and evolving topic areas. Such a blend of fundamental underpinning and applied and experiential practical guidance gives this handbook a real sense of relevancy, and a contribution which can help to consolidate the positioning of sports and exercise therapists as key practitioners in an advancing landscape of health, exercise, sport, research and education. The handbook has been produced to create a seamless reference source for readers, but each of its chapters are also designed to be stand-alone presentations in their own right. The following areas are covered: Learning and teaching Evidence-based practice Anatomy and physiology Pathology of injuries Health and safety Clinical assessment Therapeutic modalities Injury rehabilitation Sports and exercise as medicine Sports and exercise nutrition Sports and exercise psychology Professionalism and ethics Structural and cultural competency Sideline sports injury management Management of regional injury conditions Case studies in sports and exercise therapy Employability and career development The handbook is comprehensively referenced and multi-authored. Its design incorporates numerous photographs, figures, tables and detailed sample document templates. It can be considered as an essential and topical resource for anyone involved in sports and exercise therapy, whether in their first year as an undergraduate or already working in professional practice.

A comprehensive resource, this handbook covers consumer product research, case study, and application. It discusses the unique perspective a human factors approach lends to product design and how this perspective can be critical to success in the market place. Divided into two volumes, the handbook includes introductory and summary chapters on case study design, design methods and process, error and hazards, evaluation methods, focus groups, and more. It discusses white goods, entertainment systems, personnel audio devices, mobile phones, gardening products, computer systems, and leisure goods.

Building on the strength of the previous two editions, Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation is the third installment of the classic human anatomical reference launched by Dr. Ronald Bergman. With both new and updated entries, and now illustrated in full color, the encyclopedia provides an even more comprehensive reference on human variation for anatomists, anthropologists, physicians, surgeons, medical personnel, and all students of anatomy. Developed by a team of editors with extensive records publishing on both human variation and normal human anatomy, Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation is the long awaited update to this classic reference.

This book challenges the assumption that morphological data are inherently unsuitable for phylogeny reconstruction, argues that both molecular and morphological phylogenies should play a major role in systematics, and provides the most comprehensive review of the comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the head, neck, pectoral and upper limb muscles of primates. Chapters 1 and 2 provide an introduction to the main aims and methodology of the book. Chapters 3 and 4 and Appendices I and II present the data obtained from dissections of the head, neck, pectoral and upper limb muscles of representative members of all the major primate groups including modern humans, and compare these data with the information available in the literature. Appendices I and II provide detailed textual (attachments, innervation, function, variations and synonyms) and visual (high quality photographs) information about each muscle for the primate taxa included in the cladistic study of Chapter 3, thus providing the first comprehensive and up to date overview of the comparative anatomy of the head, neck, pectoral and upper limb muscles of primates. The most parsimonious tree obtained from the cladistic analysis of 166 head, neck, pectoral and upper limb muscle characters in 18 primate genera, and in representatives of the Scandentia, Dermoptera and Rodentia, is fully congruent with the evolutionary molecular tree of Primates, thus supporting the idea that muscle characters are particularly useful to infer phylogenies. The combined anatomical materials provided in this book point out that modern humans have fewer head, neck, pectoral and upper limb muscles than most other living primates, but are consistent with the proposal that facial and vocal communication and specialized thumb movements have probably played an important role in recent human evolution. This book will be of interest to primatologists, comparative anatomists, functional morphologists, zoologists, physical anthropologists, and systematicians, as well as to medical students, physicians and researchers interested in understanding the origin, evolution, homology and variations of the muscles of modern humans. Contains 132 color plates.