Heterocycles From Carbohydrate Precursors

This book is a volume in the series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry.Itc- ers the key methods used for designing synthetic approaches to heterocycles from carbohydrates and the value and scope of these methods. Carbohydrates are widely distributed in nature and constitute the largest part of renewable biomasses. Moreover, many carbohydrates and their derivatives are comm- cially available at relatively cheap prices. Consequently their utilization is highly encouraged and economically they are of great signi?cance. Moreover, carbohydrates are highly functionalized compounds that can be readily deri- tized and/or cyclized to provide heterocyclic compounds. This book provides a modern account and an up-to-date description of the advancement in the synthesis of diverse heterocycles from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates can be considered as a source of chiral centers in addition to the variable modi?cation thereof. Herein the elaboration of the carbohydrate molecules for providing different heterocycles is the main objective and team efforts from leaders of the topics has been gathered in this volume. This book is designed to be suitable for students and researchers. It is highly recommended as a reference book and for teaching the fascinating topics related to carbohydrates, heterocycles and organic synthesis. In addition to its importance in academia, it is also an excellent source for information about the variety of methods used in the synthesis of heterocycles important to industry.

Carbohydrates are widely distributed in nature and widely available, and so are considered as a promising feedstock for the preparation of many organic chemical compounds. They are particularly useful in the preparation of nitrogen heterocycles because of their related structural characteristics and easy availability. Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Nitrogen Heterocycles from Carbohydrates will review the recent literature dealing with use of carbohydrates as raw materials in the synthesis of these materials. The text contains six chapters arranged according to the complexity of the heterocyclic compounds discussed, ranging from five to seven membered rings and from single to multiple fused rings. The book provides a detailed discussion of the various synthetic approaches to these compounds, using carbohydrate starting materials, and does not merely reference synthetic methodology but attempts to give as much detail as possible on the actual experimental conditions used, in such a way that the chemist can use the information directly to design a multi-step synthesis. It discusses the different approaches to the synthesis of a wide range of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles in a format that enables the reader to make comparisons and decisions on whether to use a certain procedure, to modify it, or to devise a new synthetic methodology.

Carbohydrates in Chemistry and Biology provides detailed information about the green synthesis, biological importance and catalytic applications of carbohydrate derivatives. It includes topics including carbohydrate decorated compounds, bioconjugation, carbohydrate functionalized heterocycles, carbohydrate-spiro-heterocycles, heterocycles from carbohydrate precursors and natural sources of bioactive carbohydrates.

This volume is devoted to compounds in which the spiro centre is part of a pyranoid or furanoid or an iminosugar ring. The chapters contributed deal with methodological peculiarities of syntheses of natural and artificial sugar derived spirocycles as well as their biological applications and other utilities including marketed drugs. Carbohydrates are ubiquitous molecules in nature and participate in a vast number of biological interactions. Especially their conjugates with practically all kinds of primary and secondary metabolic small molecules (and also biomacromolecules) representing valuable tools for glycobiology research and also lead compounds for drug discovery. While monosaccharides per se appear as heterocycles, their natural conjugates frequently exhibit spiro(hetero)cyclic derivatives, in many cases of high therapeutical relevance. As a consequence, the field of carbohydrate-spiro-heterocycles attracts intense interest from both chemical and biomedical aspects therefore this volume will be of interest for synthetic and medicinal chemists and (glyco)biologists, as well as researchers involved in various biomedical fields.

Carbohydrate chemistry provides access to carbohydrate-based natural products and synthetic molecules as useful biologically active structures relevant to many health care and disease-related biological processes. Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Carbohydrates covers green and sustainable reactions, organometallic carbohydrate chemistry, synthesis of glycomimetics, multicomponent reactions, and chemical transformations leading to molecular diversity based on carbohydrates. These include inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase, which are relevant in controlling type 2 diabetes and sugar sulfates. Polysaccharides, which are commonly modified chemically, are also examined with contributions covering polysaccharide synthesis and modification of polysaccharides to obtain new structures and properties. Recent Trends in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Synthesis, Structure, and Function of Carbohydrates is ideal for researchers working as synthetic organic chemists, and for those interested in biomolecular chemistry, green chemistry, organometallic chemistry, and material chemistry in academia as well as in industry Demonstrates the importance of carbohydrate chemistry as green and sustainable chemistry Details monosaccharide syntheses and transformations toward biologically active small molecular entities Provides the most recent findings on polysaccharide synthesis and bioapplications

Since its inception in 1945, this serial has provided critical and integrating articles written by research specialists that integrate industrial, analytical, and technological aspects of biochemistry, organic chemistry, and instrumentation methodology in the study of carbohydrates. The articles provide a definitive interpretation of the current status and future trends in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. Features contributions from leading authorities and industry experts Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

The book consists of a brief introduction, a foreward provided byprofessor Danishefsky of Columbia University, and about 14 –16 chapters, each written by one or two eminent scholars/authorsdescribing their recent research in the area of either dominoreactions or intramolecular rearrangements in carbohydratechemistry. Three or four chapters will be reviews. The domino (cascade, tandem)reactions are always intramolecular. They are usually very fast,clean and offer highly complex structures in a one pot process.Intramolecular rearrangements offer very similar advantages andoften lead to highly complex products as well. Although manyrecently isolated carbohydrates fulfill various sophisticatedfunctions, their structures are often very complex. The editorscover the broadest scope of novel methodologies possible. All thesynthetic and application aspects of domino/cascade reactions areexplored in this book. A second theme that will be covered isintramolecular rearrangement, which is also fast, stereoselective,and often constitutes one or more steps of domino /cascade process.Selected examples of intramolecular rearrangements are presented.Together, both processes offer an elegant and convenient approach to the synthesis of many complex molecules,which are normally difficult to synthesize via alternative routes.It appears that domino and intramolecular rearrangements areideally suited to synthesize certain specific modifiedmonosaccharides. What is particularly important is that bothprocesses are intermolecular and almost always yield products withvery well-defined stereochemistry. This high definition isabsolutely crucial when synthesizing advanced, modified mono andoligosaccharides. The choice of contributors reflects anemphasis on both therapeutic and pharmacological aspects of carbohydratechemistry.

Carbohydrate Chemistry provides review coverage of all publications relevant to the chemistry of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides in a given year. The amount of research in this field appearing in the organic chemical literature is increasing because of the enhanced importance of the subject, especially in areas of medicinal chemistry and biology. In no part of the field is this more apparent than in the synthesis of oligosaccharides required by scientists working in glycobiology. Clycomedicinal chemistry and its reliance on carbohydrate synthesis is now very well established, for example, by the preparation of specific carbohydrate- based antigens, especially cancer-specific oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Coverage of topics such as nucleosides, amino-sugars, alditols and cyclitols also covers much research of relevance to biological and medicinal chemistry. Each volume of the series brings together references to all published work in given areas of the subject and serves as a comprehensive database for the active research chemist Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.