High Risk Pollutants In Wastewater

High-Risk Pollutants in Wastewater presents the basic knowledge regarding the diversity, concentrations, and health and environmental impacts of HRPs in municipal wastewater. The book summarizes information on the types (e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics and pathogens) and toxicities of HRPs in wastewater. In addition, it describes ecological and health hazards arising from the living things’ direct/indirect contacts with the HRPs during their full lifecycles (generation, disposal, discharge and reuse) in wastewater or water environments. Sections cover the concepts of appropriate technology for HRP hazard/risk assessment and wastewater treatment/reuse and the issues of strategy and policy for increasing risk control coverage. Finally, the book focuses on the resolution of water quality monitoring, wastewater treatment and disposal problems in both developed and developing countries. Presents information on HRPs and their risk assessment and control technologies Provides basic knowledge regarding the diversity, concentrations, and health and environmental impacts of HRPs in municipal wastewater Summarizes information on the types (e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics and pathogens) and toxicities of HRPs in wastewater

Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advances and trends in the use of bioreactors for treating industrial wastewater.

This volume addresses hospital effluents in terms of their composition and the management and treatment strategies currently (being) adopted around the globe. In this context, one major focus is on pharmaceutical compounds: their observed concentration range, ecotoxicological effects, and the removal efficiency achieved by the different technologies. Another focus is on management strategies (dedicated hospital wastewater treatment, or a combined approach also involving urban wastewater) and currently adopted treatments to reduce the released pollutant load. Innovative and promising technologies under investigation at the lab and pilot scale are presented. A discussion of remaining knowledge gaps and future research requirements rounds out the coverage. The respective chapters, written by experts in the different fields, provide useful information for a broad audience: scientists involved in the management and treatment of hospital effluents and wastewater containing micropollutants, administrators and decision-makers, legislators involved in the authorization and management of healthcare structure effluents, and environmental engineers involved in the design of wastewater treatment plants, as well as newcomers and students interested in these issues.

Pharmaceuticals and heavy metals derived from point sources and non-point sources find their ways into water bodies. One of the important sources of such pollutants is wastewater or effluents from wastewater treatment plants. The presence of pharmaceuticals and heavy metals in the water bodies causes irreversible damages to flora, fauna and human health. Risk assessment plays a vital role in identifying the pollution intensity. The adsorption process is one of the most appropriate processes in eliminating such pollutants from wastewater. In this study, a fixed-bed column is used to verify the feasibility of using a novel biochar material to remove organic (pharmaceuticals) and inorganic (heavy metals) compounds. This study was conducted in 3 phases. In the first phase, the pollution intensity of pollutants in wastewater effluent was evaluated by risk assessment formulas. In the second phase, the impact of the initial concentration, flow rate and bed depth on the laboratory-scale adsorption column performance were investigated. In the third phase, the Adam-Bohart model was used to design the large-scale fixed-bed column. Moreover, the pollution intensity of pollutants was determined. The results clearly indicated that the presence of venlafaxine and heavy metals in wastewater effluent poses adverse effects on aquatic and marine organisms. The adsorption of venlafaxine, Ni, Pb and Cu on biochar in a laboratory-scale column was observed as well as in the larger-scale column. Increasing the initial concentration and bed depth along with decreasing the flow rate caused the adsorption capacity to be on the rise. The removal over 90% of venlafaxine, Ni, Pb and Cu was found at the breakthrough point where the adsorption capacity was increased from 0.8 to 5.4 mg/g for venlafaxine, from 1.92 to 18.24 μg/g for Ni, from 3.84 to 30.72 μg/g for Pb, and from 2.88 to 24 μg/g for Cu. The large-scale column, tested on real effluent at wastewater treatment plant, confirmed the feasibility of using biochar to eliminate 95% of venlafaxine and 90% of Ni, Pb and Cu at the breakthrough point. The adsorption capacity at the breakthrough point was 3051.406 ng/g for venlafaxine, 24.364 μg/g for Ni, 0.1296 μg/g for Pb, and 7.115 μg/g for Cu. The pollution intensity of venlafaxine, Ni, Pb and Cu to aquatic and marine organisms decreased from a high to low risk due to the utilization of novel biochar in the fixed-bed column.

This book highlights the innovations and techniques to identify and treat emerging pollutants in waste and polluted water. It begins with the classification of emerging pollutants and is followed by a review on existing detection and elimination techniques as well as the current regulations in place. Subsequent chapters cover membrane-based separation processes, polymer-based or resin-based water filters, functional materials, nanomaterials-based adsorbents, microplastics and a summary of the potential solutions in treating or removing emerging pollutants. Features Presents an overview of current and developing treatment technologies for water polluted with emerging pollutants Gives an in-depth account and analysis of advanced materials and methods for separation and treatment Reviews analytical techniques applied to detect emerging pollutants Discusses the overall effect of policies on current chemicals/plastics/APIs in the market Includes pertinent case studies and regulations This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in environmental, civil and chemical engineering and waste and drinking water treatment.

Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.

This book describes how psychiatric pharmaceuticals, namely antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics are among the most prescribed active substances due to the higher occurrence of psychiatric disorders throughout the world. It goes on to demonstrate how patients’ excretion of the active compounds along with several metabolites is considered to be the main pathway for the occurrence of these emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment plant effluents, surface and drinking water, soils and sediments. Further chapters are devoted to an exploration of these pharmaceuticals’ high persistence, toxicity and intrinsic biological activity, which can affect the nervous and endocrine systems of terrestrial and aquatic non-target organisms, the dissemination of these compounds in environment matrices and the growing number of associated problems and concerns. The remainder of the book describes how conventional wastewater treatment processes are generally inefficient when it comes to the removal of this type of pollutants, giving rise to the demand for implementing alternative or complementary treatment technologies. Extensive research studies on the efficiency of the degradation and/or removal of these pollutants are summarized, and adsorption, membrane and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are proposed. Given its content and structure, the book offers a concise summary of the most significant findings on psychiatric pharmaceutical removal in wastewater.

Wastewater pollution is a major issue in the context of the future circular economy because all matter should be ultimately reused, calling for efficient depollution techniques. This book present timely reviews on the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants, with focus on aerobic granulation and degradation. Organic pollutants include microplastics, phthalates, humic acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceutical drugs and metabolites, plastics, oil spills, petroleum hydrocarbons, personal care products, tannery waste, dyes and pigments.