History Of South West Africa From The Beginning Of The Nineteenth Century

This book is a straightforward account of the developments in South West Africa during the 1960 years commencing with the beginning of the nineteenth century. It records the significant events, their causes and consequences, but as the one continuous theme throughout this period is the fate of the Black man, the impact upon him must receive special emphasis.

Most histories seek to understand modern Africa as a troubled outcome of nineteenth century European colonialism, but that is only a small part of the story. In this celebrated book, beautifully translated from the French edition, the history of Africa in the nineteenth century unfolds from the perspective of Africans themselves rather than the European powers.It was above all a time of tremendous internal change on the African continent. Great jihads of Muslim conquest and conversion swept over West Africa. In the interior, warlords competed to control the internal slave trade. In the east, the sultanate of Zanzibar extended its reach via coastal and interior trade routes. In the north, Egypt began to modernize while Algeria was colonized. In the south, a series of forced migrations accelerated, spurred by the progression of white settlement.Through much of the century African societies assimilated and adapted to the changes generated by these diverse forces. In the end, the West's technological advantage prevailed and most of Africa fell under European control and lost its independence. Yet only by taking into account the rich complexity of this tumultuous past can we fully understand modern Africa from the colonial period to independence and the difficulties of today.

Africa at the beginning of the nineteenth century : issues and prospects / J.F.A. Ajayi -- Africa and the world-economy / I. Wallerstein -- New trends and processes in Africa in the nineteenth century / A.A. Boahen -- The abolition of the slave trade / S. Daget -- The Mfecane and the rise of new African states / L.D. Ngcongco -- The impact of the Mfecane on the Cape Colony / E.K. Mashingaidze -- The British, Boers and Africans in south Africa, 1850-80 / N. Bhebe -- The countries of the Zambezi basin / A.F. Isaacman -- The East African coast and hinterland, 1800-45 / A.I. Salim -- The East African coast and hinterland, 1845-80 / I.N. Kimambo -- Peoples and states of the Great Lakes region / D.W. Cohen -- The Congo Basin and Angola / J.L. Vellut -- The renaissance of Egypt, 1805-81 / A. Abdel-Malek -- The Sudan in the nineteenth century / H.A. Ibrahim -- Ethiopia and Somalia / R. Pankhurst -- Madagascar 1800-80 / P.M. Mutibwa -- New trends in the Maghrib : Algeria, Tunisia and Libya / M.H. Cherif -- Morocco from the beginning of the nineteenth century to 1880 / A. Laroui -- New patterns of European intervention in the Maghrib / N. Ivanov -- The Sahara in the nineteenth century / S. Baier -- The nineteenth-century Islamic revolutions in West Africa / A. Batran -- The Sokoto caliphate and Borno / M. Last -- Massina and the Torodbe (Tukuloor) empire until 1878 / M. Ly-Tall -- States and peoples of Senegambia and Upper Guinea / Y. Person -- States and peoples of the Niger Bend and the Volta / K. Arhin and J. Ki-Zerbo -- Dahomey, Yorubaland, Borgu and Benin in the nineteenth century / A.I. Asiwaju -- The Niger delta and the Cameroon region / E.J. Alagoa -- The African diaspora / F.W. Knight -- Conclusion : Africa on the eve of the European conquest / J.F.A. Ajayi.

More and more, the descendants of indigenous victims of genocide, land expropriation, forced labor, and other systematic human rights violations committed by colonial powers are seeking reparations under international law from the modern successor governments and corporations. As the number of colonial reparations cases increases, courts around the world are being asked to apply international law to determine whether reparations are due for atrocities and crimes that might have been committed long ago but whose lasting effects are alleged to injure the modern descendants of the victims. Sarkin analyzes the thorny issues of international law raised in such suits by focusing on groundbreaking cases in which he is involved as legal advisor to the paramount chief of the Herero people of Namibia. In 2001, the Herero became the first ethnic group to seek reparations under the legal definition of genocide by bringing multi-billion-dollar suits against Germany and German companies in a number of U.S. federal courts under the Alien Torts Claim Act of 1789. The Herero genocide, conducted in German South-West Africa (present-day Namibia) between 1904 and 1908, is recognized by the UN as the first organized state genocide in world history. Although the Herero were subjected to Germany's First Genocide, they have, unlike the victims of the Holocaust, received no reparations from Germany. By machine-gun massacres, starvation, poisoning, and forced labor in Germany's first concentration camps, the German Schutztruppe systematically exterminated as many as 105,000 Herero women, and children, composing most of the Herero population. Sarkin considers whether these historical events constitute legally defined genocide, crimes against humanity, and other international crimes. He evaluates the legal status of indigenous polities in Africa at the time and he explores the enduring impact in Namibia of the Germany's colonial campaign of genocide. He extrapolates the Herero case to global issues of reparations, apologies, and historical human rights violations, especially in Africa.

Reflecting emerging scholarship on the entanglement of colonial histories, this book examines British and South African perspectives on, and involvement in, the genocide of the Herero and Nama in German South West Africa from 1904 to 1908. Seeking to present a transnational and trans-colonial perspective on the war imposed by Germany, the book sheds light on Anglo-German relations during ‘native' rebellions and exposes shared experiences of colonial violence. This approach aligns with a new surge of historiography which emphasises the co-operation between colonial powers to maintain order in Africa. The author focuses on British involvement in counter-insurgency efforts, its awareness of the extent of the genocide, and how the Herero-Nama War impacted colonial rule in British territory. The book sheds light on how the British government intentionally managed sensitive information on German colonialism according to the geopolitical needs: While reports were ignored and censored prior to 1914, these became instrumental to Britain’s foreign policy in confiscating Germany’s colonies in 1919. Not only exploring the war years, the book covers the entire period of German colonial rule in Africa (1884-1919), and highlights British and South African perspectives throughout this period. Offering fresh insights on the first genocide of the century, this book builds on a growing body of research into trans-colonialism and contributes to modern German history.

This book provides a sophisticated investigation into the experience of being exterminated, as felt by victims of the Holocaust, and compares and contrasts this analysis with the experiences of people who have been colonized or enslaved. Using numerous victim accounts and a wide range of primary sources, the book moves away from the 'continuity thesis', with its insistence on colonial intent as the reason for victimization in relation to other historical examples of mass political violence, to look at the victim experience on its own terms. By affording each constituent case study its own distinctive aspects, The Victims of Slavery, Colonization and the Holocaust allows for a more enriching comparison of victim experience to be made that respects each group of victims in their uniqueness. It is an important, innovative volume for all students of the Holocaust, genocide and the history of mass political violence.

"Africa for the Africans" was the name given in Africa to the extraordinary black social protest movement led by Jamaican Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887-1940). Volumes I-VII of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers chronicled the Garvey movement that flourished in the United States during the 1920s. Now, the long-awaited African volumes of this edition (Volumes VIII and IX and a forthcoming Volume X) demonstrate clearly the central role Africans played in the development of the Garvey phenomenon. The African volumes provide the first authoritative account of how Africans transformed Garveyism from an external stimulus into an African social movement. They also represent the most extensive collection of documents ever gathered on the early African nationalism of the inter-war period. Here is a detailed chronicle of the spread of Garvey's call for African redemption throughout Africa and the repressive colonial responses it engendered. Volume VIII begins in 1917 with the little-known story of the Pan-African commercial schemes that preceded Garveyism and charts the early African reactions to the UNIA. Volume IX continues the story, documenting the establishment of UNIA chapters throughout Africa and presenting new evidence linking Garveyism and nascent Namibian nationalism.