Homogeneous Gold Catalysis

Research on designing new catalytic systems has been one of the most important fields in modern organic chemistry. One reason for this is the predominant contribution of catalysis to the concepts of atom economy and green chemistry in the 21st century. Gold, considered catalytically inactive for a long time, is now a fascinating partner of modern chemistry, as scientists such as Bond, Teles, Haruta, Hutchings, Ito and Hayashi opened new perspectives for the whole synthetic chemist community. This book presents the major advances in homogeneous catalysis, emphasizing the methodologies that create carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, the applications that create diversity and synthesize natural products, and the recent advances and challenges in asymmetric catalysis and computational research. It provides readers with in-depth information about homogeneous gold-catalyzed reactions and presents several explanations for the scientific design of a catalyst. Readers will be able to understand the entire gold area and find solutions to problems in catalysis. Gold Catalysis — An Homogeneous Approach is part of the Catalytic Science Series and features prominent authors who are experts in their respective fields. Contents:From Gold in Nature to Gold Catalysts (Søren Kramer and Fabien Gagosz)Homogeneous Gold-Catalyzed Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Liming Zhang)Gold-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles to C–C Multiple Bonds, Carbonyls, and other Electrophiles (Bryon L Simmons and Hong C Shen)Gold-Catalyzed Addition of Heteroatom Nucleophile to C–C Multiple Bond (Naoki Asao, Naoya Hatakeyama and Yoshinori Yamamoto)Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocycles (Antonio Arcadi)Gold-Catalyzed Multi-Component Reactions (Rachid Skouta and Chao-Jun Li)Gold Catalysis on Tandem and Cascade Reactions (Rai-Shung Liu)Cycloisomerization Reactions of 1, N-Enynes (Núria Huguet and Antonio M Echavarren)Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Propargylic Esters (Louis Fensterbank, Jean-Philippe Goddard, Max Malacria and Antoine Simonneau)Gold-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (Suzanne A Blum)Gold-Catalyzed Reactions: A Computational Approach (Elena Soriano and José Marco-Contelles)Recent Developments in Asymmetric Catalysis (Patrick Y Toullec, Alexandre Pradal and Véronique Michelet)Gold Catalysis in Natural Product Synthesis (Michael R Gesinski and F Dean Toste) Readership: Graduate students and researchers in organic chemistry. Key Features:First book on homogeneous gold catalysisProminent authorsFrom catalysts design to target-oriented applicationsA fascinating partner for modern chemistryKeywords:Gold;Catalysis;Heterocycles;Tandem;Cascade ReactionsReviews: “Gold Catalysis gives an excellent overview of a rapidly growing field. All of the thirteen chapters are written by the best practitioners. This book is certainly a “must” for laboratories working with coinage metals, but also for any organometallic group.” Guy Bertrand Distinguished Professor, University of California, San Diego Director of the UCSD/CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555)

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.

Research on designing new catalytic systems has been one of the most important fields in modern organic chemistry, and one reason for this is the predominant contribution of catalysis to the concepts of atom economy and green chemistry in the 21st century. Gold, considered catalytically inactive for a long time, is now a fascinating partner of modern chemistry, as scientists such as Bond, Haruta, Hutchings, Ito and Hayashi opened new perspectives for the whole synthetic chemist community. This book presents the major advances in homogeneous catalysis, emphasizing the methodologies that create carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds, the applications that create diversity and synthesize natural products, and the recent advances and challenges in asymmetric catalysis and computational research. The Handbook of Homogeneous Gold Catalysis provides readers with in-depth information about gold-catalyzed reactions and presents several explanations for the scientific design of a catalyst. Readers will be able to understand the entire gold area and find solutions to problems in catalysis. Featuring prominent authors, who are experts in their respective fields, this is the first book dedicated to homogeneous gold chemistry. Contents: From Gold in Nature to Gold Catalysts (S Kramer and F Gagosz); Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (L Zhang); Gold-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Nucleophile to C-C Multiple Bond (B Simmons and H C Shen); Gold-Catalyzed Addition of Heteroatom Nucleophile to C-C Multiple Bond (N Asao, N Hatakeyama and Y Yamamoto); Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of Heterocycles (A Arcadi); Multi-Component Reactions (R Skouta and C J Li); Gold Catalyzed Tandem and Cascade Reactions (R-S Liu); Cycloisomerization Reactions of 1, n -Enynes (N Huguet and A Echavarren); Gold-Catalyzed Reaction of Propargylic Esters (L Fensterbank, J-P Goddard, M Malacria and S Simonneau); Gold-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions (S Blum); Gold-Catalyzed Reactions: A Computational Approach (E Soriano & J Marco-Contelles); Asymmetric Gold-Catalyzed Reactions (P Y Toullec, A Pradal and V Michelet); Gold Catalysis in Natural Product Synthesis (M Gesinski and F D Toste). Readership: Student, professionals.

With its impressive features, gold has led to completely new reaction types in recent years, which in turn have strongly influenced both organic catalysis and material science. Other fields where a significant amount of new results has been obtained include nanotechnology, self assembly/supramolecular systems and biochemical/medicinal chemistry. As a result, gold is one of the hottest topics in catalysis at the moment, with an increasing amount of research being carried out in this field. While focusing on homogeneous catalysis, this monograph also covers the main applications in heterogeneous catalysis. Following a look at the gold-catalyzed addition of heteroatom nucleophiles to alkynes, it goes on to discuss gold-catalyzed additions to allenes and alkenes, gold-catalyzed benzannulations, cycloisomerization and rearrangement reactions, as well as oxidation and reduction reactions. The whole is finished off with a section on gold-catalyzed aldol and related reactions and the application of gold-catalyzed reactions to natural product synthesis. Of interest to synthetic chemists and inorganic chemists, as well as organic chemists working in homogeneous catalysis, physical and technical chemists.

There are two main disciplines in catalysis research -- homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. This is due to the fact that the catalyst is either in the same phase (homogeneous catalysis) as the reaction being catalyzed or in a different phase (heterogeneous catalysis). Over the past decade, various approaches have been implemented to combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysis (efficiency, selectivity) with those of heterogeneous catalysis (stability, recovery) by the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts or by carrying out homogeneous reactions under heterogeneous conditions. This unique handbook fills the gap in the market for an up-to-date work that links both homogeneous catalysis applied to organic reactions and catalytic reactions on surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. As such, it highlights structural analogies and shows mechanistic parallels between the two, while additionally presenting kinetic analysis methods and models that either work for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Chapters cover asymmetric, emulsion, phase-transfer, supported homogeneous, and organocatalysis, as well as in nanoreactors and for specific applications, catalytic reactions in ionic liquids, fluorous and supercritical solvents and in water. Finally, the text includes computational methods for investigating structure-reactivity relations. With its wealth of information, this invaluable reference provides academic and industrial chemists with novel concepts for innovative catalysis research.

Gold has traditionally been regarded as inactive as a catalytic metal. However, the advent of nanoparticulate gold on high surface area oxide supports has demonstrated its high catalytic activity in many chemical reactions. Gold is active as a heterogeneous catalyst in both gas and liquid phases, and complexes catalyse reactions homogeneously in solution. Many of the reactions being studied will lead to new application areas for catalysis by gold in pollution control, chemical processing, sensors and fuel cell technology. This book describes the properties of gold, the methods for preparing gold catalysts and ways to characterise and use them effectively in reactions. The reaction mechanisms and reasons for the high activities are discussed and the applications for gold catalysis considered./a

Transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions have a rich history that led to the awarding of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Professors Suzuki, Heck, and Negishi for their pioneering contributions to the field. The coming of age of this active area of research is showcased in this book through case studies in which process chemists from the pharmaceutical industry share their personal experiences developing their own transition metal-catalyzed couplings for the large-scale manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Authors from Pfizer, Merck, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Amgen, GSK, AstraZeneca, and other companies describe the evolution of robust coupling processes from inception through early and late development, including commercial routes where applicable. This book covers a wide range of coupling transformations while capturing the lessons learned from each process. Every case study details the optimization of at least one transition metal-catalyzed coupling while elaborating on issues such as design of experiments, scalability and throughput, product purification, process safety, and waste management. The important issue of metal removal and the different technologies available to accomplish this goal are also addressed. Finally, a section covers novel technologies for cross-coupling with high potential for future applications on a large scale, such as microwave and flow chemistry as well as green cross-couplings performed in water. With Forewords by Stephen L. Buchwald, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Trevor Laird, Editor of Organic Process Research and Development and Neal G. Anderson, Anderson's Process Solutions LLC.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis