Human Eye Imaging And Modeling

Advanced image processing and mathematical modeling techniques are increasingly being used for the early diagnosis of eye diseases. A comprehensive review of the field, Human Eye Imaging and Modeling details the latest advances and analytical techniques in ocular imaging and modeling. The first part of the book looks at imaging of the fundus as well as infrared imaging. It begins by exploring developments in the analysis of fundus images, particularly for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. It also reviews anterior segment imaging and reports on developments in ocular thermography, especially the use of thermal imaging as the basis of tear evaporimetry and dry eye diagnosis. The second part of the book delves into mathematical modeling of the human eye. Coverage includes modeling of the eye during retinal laser surgery, a framework for optical simulation, heat distribution using a 3D web-splines solution, and exposure to laser radiation. The text also examines computer simulation of the human eye based on principles of heat transfer, as well as various bioheat equations to predict interior temperatures based on the surface temperature. Featuring contributions by established experts in eye imaging, this is a valuable reference for medical personnel and researchers who want to know more about state-of-the-art computer-based imaging and detection methods. It presents novel imaging and modeling algorithms that can aid in early diagnosis, with the aim of enriching the lives of people suffering from eye abnormalities.

This groundbreaking resource gives you full details on state-of-the-art 2D and 3D eye imaging and modeling techniques that are paving the way to breakthrough clinical applications in eye health. ItOCOs the first book to explore in depth a new generation of computational methods that combine image processing, simulation, and statistical discrimination tools in efforts to improve early detection of cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, iridocyclitis, corneal haze, maculopathy, and other visual impairments and conditions."

Digital fundus images can effectively diagnose glaucoma and diabetes retinopathy, while infrared imaging can show changes in the vascular tissues. Likening the eye to the conventional camera, Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology explores the application of advanced image processing in ocular imaging. This book considers how images can be used to effectively diagnose ophthalmologic problems. It introduces multi-modality image processing algorithms as a means for analyzing subtle changes in the eye. It details eye imaging, textural imaging, and modeling, and highlights specific imaging and modeling techniques. The book covers the detection of diabetes retinopathy, glaucoma, anterior segment eye abnormalities, instruments on detection of glaucoma, and development of human eye models using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer principles to predict inner temperatures of the eye from its surface temperature. It presents an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) system for anterior chamber angle imaging and proposes an automated anterior segment eye disease classification system that can be used for early disease diagnosis and treatment management. It focuses on the segmentation of the blood vessels in high-resolution retinal images and describes the integration of the image processing methodologies in a web-based framework aimed at retinal analysis. The authors introduce the A-Levelset algorithm, explore the ARGALI system to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR), and describe the Singapore Eye Vessel Assessment (SIVA) system, a holistic tool which brings together various technologies from image processing and artificial intelligence to construct vascular models from retinal images. The text furnishes the working principles of mechanical and optical instruments for the diagnosis and healthcare administration of glaucoma, reviews state-of-the-art CDR calculation detail, and discusses the existing methods and databases. Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology includes the latest research development in the field of eye modeling and the multi-modality image processing techniques in ocular imaging. It addresses the differences, performance measures, advantages and disadvantages of various approaches, and provides extensive reviews on related fields.

Advances in semi-automated high-throughput image data collection routines, coupled with a decline in storage costs and an increase in high-performance computing solutions have led to an exponential surge in data collected by biomedical scientists and medical practitioners. Interpreting this raw data is a challenging task, and nowhere is this more evident than in the field of opthalmology. The sheer speed at which data on cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and other eye disorders are collected, makes it impossible for the human observer to directly monitor subtle, yet critical details.This book is a novel and well-timed endeavor to present, in an amalgamated format, computational image modeling methods as applied to various extrinsic scientific problems in ophthalmology. It is self-contained and presents a highly comprehensive array of image modeling algorithms and methodologies relevant to ophthalmologic problems. The book is the first of its kind, bringing eye imaging and multi-dimensional hyperspectral imaging and data fusion of the human eye, into focus.The editors are at the top of their fields and bring a strong multidisciplinary synergy to this visionary volume. Their “inverted-pyramid” approach in presenting the content, and focus on core applications, will appeal to students and practitioners in the field.

This book provides a faithful and robust simulation of the optical and visual performances of the human eye for axial vision of distant objects in a variety of visual conditions. The author moves from intrinsically theoretical aspects (the optical and neurophysical models of the eye) to include a great number of experimental measurements from the scientific literature, in order to adapt the model parameters to the observed phenomenology and validate the predictivity power of the models themselves. The results are very satisfactory in terms of quantitative and qualitative adherence of model predictions to field measurements. Resulting from the author's investigations over the last decade, the book material is largely original, and the most relevant achievement can be found in the capacity to evaluate visual acuity for a range of visual conditions, such as variations in pupil size, refractive error, and ambient illumination. Thanks to the general organisation of the book, chapters and paragraphs with high level mathematical and physical optics content can be safely skipped without compromising the overall comprehension.To this end, a brief summary is provided at the end of each chapter, making this book appropriate for readers with greatly varying degrees of technical knowledge.

This book examines the contrast sensitivity of the human visual system - concerning the eye's ability to distinguish objects from each other or from the background - and its effects on the imageforming process. The text provides equations for determining various aspects of contrast sensitivity, in addition to models that easily can be used for practical applications.

Edited by and featuring contributions from world-class researchers, Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications offers a unified work of the latest human eye imaging and modeling techniques that have been proposed and applied to the diagnosis of ophthalmologic problems, including inflammation, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. With a focus on theory, basic principles, and results derived from research, the book: Explores various morphological, textural, higher-order spectral, and wavelet transformation techniques used to extract salient features from images of the human eye Examines 2D and 3D finite element and boundary element models of the human eye developed to simulate thermal steady-state conditions Addresses the difficult task of benchmarking the validity of human eye imaging techniques and computer-simulated results with experimental measurements Intended to be a companion to Image Analysis and Modeling in Ophthalmology, this volume covers several aspects of multimodal ophthalmological imaging and applications, presenting information in an accessible manner to appeal to a wide audience of students, researchers, and practitioners. Ophthalmological Imaging and Applications considers promising simulations that pave the way for new possibilities in computational methods for eye health care.

The eye is a complex sensory organ, which enables visual perception of the world. Thus the eye has several tissues that do different tasks. One of the most basic aspects of eye function is the sensitivity of cells to light and its transduction though the optic nerve to the brain. Different organisms use different ways to achieve these tasks. In this sense, eye function becomes a very important evolutionary aspect as well. This book presents the different animal models that are commonly used for eye research and their uniqueness in evaluating different aspects of eye development, evolution, physiology and disease. * Presents information on the major animal models used in eye research including invertebrates and vertebrates * Provides researchers with information needed to choose between model organisms * Includes an introductory chapter on the different types of eyes, stressing possible common molecular machinery