Hybrid Additive Manufacturing

This book focuses on the emerging additive manufacturing technology and its applications beyond state-of-the-art, fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. It also discusses the development of a hybrid, integrated process that combines additive and subtractive operations in a single-step platform, allowing CAD-to-Part production with freeform shapes using long or continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. The book covers the entire value chain of this next-generation technology, from part design and materials composition to transformation stages, product evaluation, and end-of-life studies. Moreover, it addresses the following engineering issues: • Design rules for hybrid additive manufacturing; • Thermoplastic compounds for high-temperature and -strength applications; • Advanced extrusion heads and process concepts; • Hybridisation strategies; • Software ecosystems for hAM design, pre-processing, process planning, emulating and multi-axis processing; • 3D path generators for hAM based on a multi-objective optimisation algorithm that matches the recent curved adaptive slicing method with a new transversal scheme; • hAM parameters, real-time monitoring and closed-loop control; • Multiparametric nondestructive testing (NDT) tools customised for FRTP AM parts; • Sustainable manufacturing processes validated by advanced LCA/LCC models.

The text presents the latest research and development, technical challenges, and future directions in the field of hybrid metal additive manufacturing. It further discusses the modeling of hybrid additive manufacturing processes for metals, hybrid additive manufacturing of composite materials, and low-carbon hybrid additive manufacturing processes. THIS BOOK •Presents cutting-edge advancements and limitations in hybrid additive manufacturing technologies. • Discusses fabrication methods and rapid tooling techniques focusing on metals, composites, and alloys. •Highlights the importance of low-carbon additive manufacturing technologies toward achieving sustainability. •Emphasizes the challenges and solutions for integrating additive manufacturing and Industry 4.0 to enable rapid manufacturing of customized and tailored products. • Covers hybrid additive manufacturing of composite materials and additive manufacturing for fabricating high-hardness components. The text discusses the recent advancements in additive manufacturing of high-hardness components and covers important engineering materials such as metals, alloys, and composites. It further highlights defects and post-processing of hybrid additive manufacturing components, sustainability solutions for hybrid additive manufacturing processes, and recycling of machining waste into metal powder feedstock. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and researchers in fields including mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, manufacturing engineering, and production engineering.

Hybrid Additive Manufacturing: Techniques, Applications and Benefits explains the fundamentals of hybrid AM, definitions, classifications, and principles, as well as key techniques of hybrid AM, its applications, design guidelines, and benefits, with emphasis on key aspects of the system integration process. The core of this subject is in describing how to overcome inherent processing limitations of layer-by-layer AM through the integration of secondary post-processing such as machining or heat treatment. As a result hybrid AM plays a critical role in accelerating the adoption of AM in established design and manufacturing activities. The applications of hybrid AM in both metals and polymers are discussed in this book, as are geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing, material property enhancement, non-traditional surface finishing, in-situ sequential hybrid processing, and integrated process planning. This book will serve not only as an introduction to hybrid AM but also as a handbook for researchers and engineers in mechanical, manufacturing, industrial, electronics, and materials science, thanks to its interdisciplinary approach and detailed case studies. Explains how hybrid manufacturing processes can be used to achieve enhanced material properties and functionality Describes the significance of hybrid additive manufacturing to different parts of the process chain Uses case studies to show how innovative companies are using this technology, how they have overcome challenges they encountered, and the benefits they have experienced

This book explores, in a systematic way, both conventional and unconventional material shaping processes with various modes of hybridization in relation to theory, modelling and industrial potential. The demand for high productivity and high accuracy in manufacturing is continuously increasing, based on improvement and optimization strategies. Hybridization of manufacturing processes will play a crucial role and will be of a key importance in achieving environmental and economical sustainability. Structured in three parts, Hybrid Manufacturing Processes summarizes the state-of-the art hybrid manufacturing processes based on available literature sources and production reports. The book begins by providing information on the physical fundamentals of the removal and non-removal processes in macro-, micro and nanoscales. It then follows with an overview of the possible ways of hybridization and the effects on the enhancement of process performance, before concluding with a summary of production outputs related to surface integrity, specifically with respect to difficult-to-machine materials. Considering the applications of different sources of hybridization including mechanical, thermal and chemical interactions or their combinations, this book will be of interest to a range of researchers and practicing engineers within the field of manufacturing.

This textbook covers in detail digitally-driven methods for adding materials together to form parts. A conceptual overview of additive manufacturing is given, beginning with the fundamentals so that readers can get up to speed quickly. Well-established and emerging applications such as rapid prototyping, micro-scale manufacturing, medical applications, aerospace manufacturing, rapid tooling and direct digital manufacturing are also discussed. This book provides a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing technologies as well as relevant supporting technologies such as software systems, vacuum casting, investment casting, plating, infiltration and other systems. Reflects recent developments and trends and adheres to the ASTM, SI and other standards; Includes chapters on topics that span the entire AM value chain, including process selection, software, post-processing, industrial drivers for AM, and more; Provides a broad range of technical questions to ensure comprehensive understanding of the concepts covered.

This book provides readers with the comprehensive insights of the recent research breakthroughs in additive, subtractive, and hybrid technologies. Further, the book examines incomparable design and manufacturing independences, as well as strategies to upgrade the product performance characteristics through collaborating additive and subtractive technologies. Indeed, the intrinsic benefits and limitations of both additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies could be merged to obtain appreciable hybridizations. The editorial team members and contributors to Additive, Subtractive, and Hybrid Technologies are highly motivated experts committed to and the advance of hybrid manufacturing technologies.

This collection presents papers from the 151st Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

The machinability of powder metallurgy steels is poorer compared with wrought steels of appropriate composition and/or mechanical [properties. The reason for it is a larger number of material and processing variables affecting the final properties of a sintered material. Therefore the machining of powder metallurgy (PM) steels is a permanent subject of investigation and practice. The aim of the book is to make on the basis of present knowledge an overview of all interacting factors in machining process including those applied for the improvement of the machinability. There are the properties of basic plain iron and alloyed powders, various additions, compaction and sintering conditions. Effect of porosity, individual alloying elements and microstructure character is considered. The description of the basic machining processes with their characteristics and with the characteristics of the tool geometry belongs to the mentioned factors. For the improvement of machinability of PM steels different machining aids, as S, MnS, MoS2 and other are frequently used and their chemical and physical characteristics are given. The effect of various machining aids used on machinability of sintered plain iron, iron-carbon and of steels alloyed with Cu, Ni, Mo, Cr, Mn including powder forged steels with very different mechanical properties and very different microstructures is analysed and summarized. The high-speed steel, hardmetal and other tools with their geometry as the part of the cutting process are described in relation to the sintered powder materials. The recommendations for machining of various steels enclose the present knowledge about the machinability of powder metallurgy steels.