Icosta 2022

We are delighted to present the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications (ICoSTA-2022) that organized by Research and Community Service Centre of Universitas Negeri Medan (LPPM UNIMED). This conference has brought researchers, academicians and practitioners from the national and international institutions to discuss and sharing around the big theme which is “Innovation in Science and Technology for Sustainable Human Quality Development”. The ICoSTA2022 conference presents 4 distinguised keynote speakers with several expertation including of The Educational and Learning System, Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, Glass Technology and Materials Science, Prof. Dr. Jakrapong Kaewkhao, expert in the nuclear reactor technology there is Dr. Eng. Topan Setiadipura, S.Si., M.Si, M.Eng and expert in nanostructures for smart sensor devices held by Dr. Mati Horprathum from Thailand. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are researcher from The National Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Innovation Agency, Institut Technology Bandung, Sriwijaya University, Indonesian Technology Institute, North Sumatera University, University of Surabaya, ITS, UGM, Udayana University, Brawijaya University, Jember University, UNRI, Nusa Cendana University, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, UPI, and several institutions. The additional information, there are 23 institutions including from national and international were interested and get involved in this conference. Besides that, there are 86 papers received by committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions, and others are presented through abstract. The articles have been reviewed with double blind review before accepted and published by EAI publisher. Grateful thanks to Director and Vice Directors and especially for Rector of Unimed who always coordinate the organizing committee, and the team who keeps cooperating in running this conference. We strongly believe that the ICoSTA-2022 conference provides a good forum for all researcher, academician and practitioners to discuss all science and technology aspects that are relevant to sustainable human quality development. We also expect that the future ICoSTA conference will be as successful and stimulating, as indicated by the contributions presented in this volume.

The Political Handbook of the World 2022-2023 provides timely, thorough, and accurate political information, with more in-depth coverage of current political controversies than any other reference guide. The updated 2022-2023 edition continues to be the most authoritative source for finding complete facts and analysis on each country′s governmental and political makeup. Tom Lansford has compiled in one place more than 200 entries on countries and territories throughout the world, this volume is renowned for its extensive coverage of all major and minor political parties and groups in each political system. It also provides names of key ambassadors and international memberships of each country, plus detailed profiles of more than 30 intergovernmental organizations and UN agencies. And this update will aim to include coverage of current events, issues, crises, and controversies from the course of the last two years.

Medical, Dental, and Wellness Tourism: A Post-Pandemic Perspective offers a thorough and informative guide to medical travel and tourism for the treatment of health-related issues. The book first defines medical, dental, and wellness tourism and travel for treatment and then goes on to look at the myriad issues involved, such as benefits and challenges of travel for treatment, how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the treatment sectors in tourism, selecting the right destination and facility, ending your life in another country, the growing world of birth tourism, dental tourism, medical travel for second opinions, privacy and health data security, the importance of post-operative care, and more. The book explores why medical tourism is the answer to our healthcare crisis. The patient deserves the right to seek the highest quality of medical, dental and wellness care anywhere on the globe with transparent pricing. This volume provides an abundance of information necessary for practical solutions to healthcare needs, both to avoid the seemingly ever-rising cost of healthcare in the United States, offering choices and options outside the US as well as for choosing effective care in other countries. The volume also addresses advances in technology in the healthcare travel industry. A section on resources and experiences to aid in making the right healthcare decisions is included as well. The chapters answer important questions when considering healthcare outside the US, such as What options and choices are available globally How to choose the right medical, dental, pharma, or wellness location The benefits and challenges of travel for treatment What is involved in euthanasia in other countries How privacy of healthcare data maintained COVID-19 has changed the face of the globe. Patients have a new perspective on how they want to receive health and wellness care, and this includes a deeper dive into the world of medical, dental, and wellness tourism. The future is about customizing how and where the patient wants to receive their medical, dental, and wellness treatments, transparent pricing, and the ability to make choices and view options anywhere in the world. Employers, government agencies, and private organizations are able to control healthcare costs, forecast trends, and allow their employees to get the highest quality of care through specialized Centers of Excellence. The book offers a comprehensive guide to medical, dental, and wellness tourism, explains how technology plays a role, as well as proposes solutions to the current healthcare system. A must read for anyone interested in the future of our global healthcare system. Written by a renowned international speaker on medical, dental, and wellness tourism and travel for treatment, who has significant experience and advocate for affordable healthcare choices, this volume shares necessary information for those considering healthcare in other countries-those needing care as well as their healthcare professionals and loved ones.

Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations is a comprehensive and integrated introductory textbook covering destination management and marketing in one volume. It focuses on how destination management is planned, implemented, and evaluated as well as the management and operations of destination management organizations (DMOs), how they conduct business, major opportunities, and challenges and issues they face to compete for the global leisure and business travel markets. Much has changed since the publication of the second edition of this book in 2018. The COVID-19 pandemic was unpredictable at the time and has caused havoc for destinations and DMOs. The third edition includes many materials about the COVID-19 impacts and recovery from the pandemic. This third edition has been updated to include: four new chapters (Chapter 2—“Destination Sustainability and Social Responsibility”; Chapter 3—“Quality of Life and Well-Being of Destination Residents”; Chapter 11—“Destination Crisis Management”; and Chapter 20—“Destination Management Performance Measurement and Management”) new and updated international case examples to show the practical realities and approaches to managing different destinations around the world coverage of contemporary topics including, for example, COVID-19, social responsibility, metaverse, mixed reality, virtual meetings, teleworking, digital nomads, viral marketing, blended travel, regenerative tourism, meaningful travel, and several others a significantly improved illustration program keyword lists It is illustrated in full color and packed with features to encourage reflection on main themes, spur critical thinking, and show theory in practice. Written by an author with many years of industry practice, university teaching, and professional training experience, this book is the essential guide to the subject for tourism, hospitality, and events students and industry practitioners alike.

How can management research promote a more applicable and a more transparent knowledge for the benefit of individuals and organizations? Looming large over this question is the challenge of repurposing management research for improving public good. Co-edited by R. H. Tiell and S. C. Malka, the title of the book says it all - Amplifying management research for the common good: Lessons for curious individuals and organizations - Insights from practitioners in the field. In this book, we sought to bridge the chasm that separates the non-academic audience from the typically less-accessible scientific journals. We attempted to make empirical evidence more inclusive, impactful and public good relevant for the non-academic stakeholders that live and work in the broader community. For that purpose, we made available to the reader and to our chapter contributors a collection of published papers, some authored by the editors of this book, and others co-authored with other researchers. The papers cover a diverse set of business topics all of which we believe hold much relevance for management today. Providing the reader with their insights on subject matter along with lessons and practical recommendations, we sought experts in the field that can build on empirical research in various areas of management and then synthesize and broaden it through their expertise and work experience. As a trigger, we aligned each contributor with one or two empirical papers based on their background, interests, and professional experience. Using the assigned papers as a springboard, we asked each author to identify emerging themes around which they can build their chapter. We wanted them to think of the book audience: non-academicians comprised of interested and curious individuals, managers, and their organizations. And, we wanted our authors to elaborate on practical lessons, suggestions, and recommendations that can make a difference in the lives of the book audience. Our effort resulted in a collection of chapters covering a wide range of topics from supply chain challenges in Central America, to life changing long-term effects of the pandemic, from delivery of services for mental health and suicide, to logistics capabilities pre-post Ivan in the Cayman Islands, from the new workplace, to labor market shortages, and from new workforce service pathways, and the optimization of talent, to the impact of recent recessions on the youth and the unemployed, and the assessment of C-suit level leaders. We would like to believe that the breadth of the topics covered and the amount of information being disseminated through the book chapters are meaningful, practical, and relevant to a wide audience of curious readers. ENDORSEMENTS "I highly recommend “Amplifying Management Research for the Common Good” to anyone interested in shaping the workplace of the future. Written by a team of experts, this book provides a compelling argument for why free and open access to research is essential for improving workforce outcomes. The authors explore how the current paywall system limits the dissemination of critical research findings and prevents practitioners and policymakers from accessing the latest insights and innovations. As we exit a global pandemic and enter a re-shaping of the world of work the nation’s talent development ecosystem must innovate and scale to the need. By advocating for open access to research, the authors advance the forming of a more effective and equitable workforce development system. This book is a must-read for anyone looking to contribute to that cause." — Rick Maher, Adaptive Human Capital "Someone once observed that a crisis is a horrible thing to waste. The essence of this advice is that a crisis will always have the potential for the wise and curious to draw lessons and extract prescriptions. Tiell and Malka have produced a book reflecting not only their curiosity and wisdom, but also their desire to help all who follow their prescriptions. The Covid-19 pandemic was a life altering crisis. We should be thankful that they have not “wasted” the crisis, thus helping us improve our personal and professional lives." — Lyle Sussman, University of Louisville "Employers and employees have experienced an amazing number of challenges and new opportunities during the past 3 years. Pre-Pandemic employers' challenges were primarily focused on low unemployment, managing wages and uncertainty for their future workforce. Employees were primarily working "9 to 5", in an "office building" or "manufacturing facility" and possibly thinking about their futures. As our society moves toward a Post-Pandemic work environment, employers have the same Pre-Pandemic challenges, but with a workforce that has shrunk faster than anticipated and have adjusted their priorities of work/life balance and workplace preferences. Whether your responsibilities involve Supply Chain, Production, Logistics, Accounting, Finance, Training/Education, Hiring/Retaining/Firing personnel or you simply are seeking to pursue career and professional growth. Everyone has likely experienced some amount of workplace change during the past several years. The insights and perspectives shared by each author in this book are reminders of the complex business challenges employers face today and will continue to face in the foreseeable future. Thank you for compiling and sharing these insights and perspectives!" — Michael Wolf, PrideStaff Louisville

Dive into the intricate and globally significant topic of asylum and refugees with the "Global Atlas of Refugees and Asylum Seekers." This compelling collection of essays, curated by a diverse group of renowned scholars, offers an extensive exploration of migration patterns, paradigms, and lessons from around the world. As you journey through the chapters, you'll gain unique insights into how countries have responded to the unprecedented refugee crisis, examining notable cases such as Costa Rica, the United States, Canada, Chile, Mexico, and many more. Discover the complexities of asylum systems and the changing landscapes of migration policies in nations as diverse as Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, Greece, Sweden, Spain, and North Macedonia. Delve into the geopolitical implications of seeking refuge and asylum, with a comprehensive analysis of the Palestinian diaspora and an exploration of Pakistan, India, Turkey, and the communitarian-based strategy in refugee laws. This essential compendium provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics and global challenges surrounding asylum and refugees. With its diverse range of topics and expert contributors, the "Global Atlas of Refugees and Asylum Seekers" is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the complexities of global migration and the policies that shape the lives of those seeking refuge. "The authors of this book identify two main paradigms shaping states’ narratives regarding asylum seekers and refugees. Along the horizontal axis, discourses range from national security to humanitarian aid. On the vertical axis, they extend from the pursuit of ideals, as traditionally defined for refugees and asylum seekers, to personal survival due to economic, climate-related crises, family violence, gender violence, or organized crime. This shift, as highlighted in the chapter on Germany by Professor Knerr, is altering the original vision of agreements that stemmed from post-World War II Europe."

Costa Rica: Selected Issues