Immunopathological Airway Remodeling In Response To Chronic Infection With Mycoplasma Pulmonis

This book provides a fundamental understanding of immunopathology and immunopathologic processes, with particular attention to nonclinical toxicology studies. Chapters provide organ system–based summaries of spontaneous pathology and common responses to xenobiotics. A companion volume, Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development: Volume 1, Immunobiology, Investigative Techniques, and Special Studies, offers an overview of general immunobiology, cells of the immune system, signaling and effector molecules, and immunopathology assays. These informative and strategic books were created in response to the large segment of drug development that focuses on chronic diseases, many of which involve alterations to the immune system. Therapies that target these diseases commonly involve some form of immunomodulation. As a result, the two volumes of Immunopathology in Toxicology and Drug Development are critical texts for individuals involved in diverse aspects of drug development. Readers will acquire a thorough understanding of immunopathology for detection and accurate interpretation of pathologic effects of xenobiotics on the immune system.

Target pattern recognition in innate immunity is responsible for the immediate, usually protective, responses shown against invading microorganisms, and it is the principal feature of self and non-self recognition by virtue of the recognition of structures on the microbial pathogens, which are not found on host cells. This is an area that has been very actively researched, over approximately the past 12 years, and therefore this volume provides a timely comprehensive, and up to date, summary of the types and range of cell surface, intracellular, and secreted, host proteins involved in the recognition of microbial products, and of the protective mechanisms triggered as a result of the recognition events. The Toll-like receptors, first described in Drosophila and now well-characterised on human cells, provide an excellent demonstration of the wide range of different microbial products recognised by this family of receptors and of the signalling pathways which are triggered thus leading to induction of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of genes producing antimicrobial products. In addition, several cell surface proteins involved in target pattern recognition have been described on the surfaces of macrophages (macrophage mannose receptor and macrophage scavenger receptors), and on dendritic cells (DEC205), and to be involved with the uptake and clearance of whole microorganisms and polyanioic ligands. Pattern recognition is also utilised by intracellular receptors, with NOD-like receptors in the cytosol recognizing microbial molecules and activating the production of inflammatory cytokines or pathways that induce the production of inflammatory molecules. Secreted proteins, such as the pentraxins, which includes the acute phase reacting, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid protein (SAP), and the collectins (mannan binding lectin, lung surfactant protein A and D) and ficolins can also readily recruit killing and clearance systems. Indeed, the serum complement system, which is one of the major defence systems in the bloodstream, is efficiently activated by CR P on its binding to the phosphocholine groups of microbial phospholipids—and the subsequent interaction of the bound CR P with C1q—to give classical pathway activation, or MBL, or ficolin, binding to arrays of mannose or N-acetyl-glucosamine residues, respectively, on the surfaces of microorganisms—to give lectin pathway activation. Also, in addition to the activation and clearance events associated with complement activation by some of the secreted pattern recognition receptors, it is accepted that all these pattern recognition receptors can generally accelerate the uptake and clearance of microbes via phagocytic cells. In view of the growing interest in the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity, a thorough understanding of the initial recognition and triggering events, mediated via innate immune receptors, as addressed in this volume, is clearly very useful in helping to also fully understand the mechanisms of activation and control of the adaptive immune system—and to allow a full assessment of the relative roles played by innate immunity and adaptive immunity against a particular infection in higher organisms.

A clinically relevant introduction focusing on those microbes that cause disease in humans. Following basic principles, basic concepts in the immune response, and general principles of laboratory diagnosis, sections cover bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology. Chapters in these sections begin with etiology, then discuss epidemiology, host defenses, identification, diagnosis, prevention, and control. Expanded information on immunology and a new chapter on arthropods are included. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

A reference for investigators in pulmonary toxicology and immunotoxicology and for people involved in administrating and regulating matters related to inhale materials, and serviceable as a textbook for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in pulmonary immunotoxicology. US researchers from academic and industrial laboratories provide information concerning the effects of various inhaled materials on the immune system of the respiratory tract. They cover basic background concepts including the normal structure and function of the respiratory system and its basic immunology, the major types of pathological consequences that can arise from immunomodulation within the respiratory tract, the specific major classes of airborne agents that are known to alter immune function, and risk assessment. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Feline Anesthesia and Pain Management offers a definitive and practical guide to feline anesthesia and pain management. The only book offering detailed practical information on anesthesia and pain management in cats, one of the world's most popular pets World renowned author team Quick reference format with full color illustrations Offers detailed practical information on anesthesia and pain management tailored to the unique needs of cats Includes a team of world-renowned authors who are experts in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia Uses a quick reference format that makes the information easy to find and follow Presents full color images to illustrate concepts