Implementing The Global Action Plan On Antimicrobial Resistance

In 2015 the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance calling on countries to develop and implement national action plans on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). For most countries, the greatest challenge is not developing a national action plan; rather, it is the implementation of the plan based on evidence-based prioritization of activities, systematic monitoring of progress, and ensuring sustainability of efforts. The purpose of this publication is to to provide a practical, stepwise approach to the implementation of the national action plan on AMR within the human health sector; and to provide a process and collation of existing WHO tools to prioritize, cost, implement, monitor and evaluate national action plan activities. The target audience of the publication are national/subnational stakeholders working on AMR within the human health sector. This includes national health authorities, national multisectoral coordination groups, senior technical experts and policymakers involved in implementing AMR activities at all levels of the health system, and implementation partners to accelerate sustainable implementation and monitoring and evaluation of national action plans on AMR.

An accessible overview of the challenges in tackling AMR, and the economic and policy responses of the 'One Health' approach. It will appeal to policy-makers seeking to strengthen national and local polices tackling AMR, as well as students and academics who want an overview of the latest scientific evidence regarding effective AMR policies.

The resistance topic is timely given current events. The emergence of mysterious new diseases, such as SARS, and the looming threat of bioterrorist attacks remind us of how vulnerable we can be to infectious agents. With advances in medical technologies, we have tamed many former microbial foes, yet with few new antimicrobial agents and vaccines in the pipeline, and rapidly increasing drug resistance among infectious microbes, we teeter on the brink of loosing the upperhand in our ongoing struggle against these foes, old and new. The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors examines our understanding of the relationships among microbes, disease vectors, and human hosts, and explores possible new strategies for meeting the challenge of resistance.

Building on the momentum of increased collaboration, WHO, FAO, OIE and UNEP have developed a Strategic Framework for collaboration on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This Framework reflects the joint work of the four organizations to advance a One Health response to AMR at global, regional and country levels. It broadly supports the implementation of the five pillars of the Global Action Plan on AMR, as well as strengthening global AMR governance.

This Open Access volume provides in-depth analysis of the wide range of ethical issues associated with drug-resistant infectious diseases. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognized to be one of the greatest threats to global public health in coming decades; and it has thus become a major topic of discussion among leading bioethicists and scholars from related disciplines including economics, epidemiology, law, and political theory. Topics covered in this volume include responsible use of antimicrobials; control of multi-resistant hospital-acquired infections; privacy and data collection; antibiotic use in childhood and at the end of life; agricultural and veterinary sources of resistance; resistant HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria; mandatory treatment; and trade-offs between current and future generations. As the first book focused on ethical issues associated with drug resistance, it makes a timely contribution to debates regarding practice and policy that are of crucial importance to global public health in the 21st century.

Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, grade: 70, University of Hertfordshire, language: English, abstract: Some years after the first use of penicillin, resistant bacteria emerged. The phenomenon of resistance has continued to show up similarly for almost every marketed antibiotic product, endangering the safety of humans, animals and the environment. This major threat has been proven to have a worldwide impact. In response, national action plans must be implemented following "anti-resistance" guidance: WHO’s Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (GAP-AMR) in collaboration with FAO and OIE. These plans are to be adopted by 2017, aiding the protection of antibiotic medicines adhering to the approach of One Health. The aim of the current study was to review the process of such adoptions in the EU and US, understand its practicality, challenges and any out of scope issues.With the use of a phenomenological approach, this qualitative study found that thanks to the general population’s increment in knowledge and awareness, collaboration and engagement grew stronger, especially among policy makers and pharmaceutical companies, but also healthcare leaders and providers, physicians and veterinarians, and patients. When trying to discover new antibiotic drugs, serendipity is not an option, therefore, companies must be incentivised to increase their antibiotic pipelines. During the analysis of the inclusion of the plans, a paradox appeared: due to the reduced use of antibiotics, it is difficult to motivate drug developers to increase research in new medicines and alternative forms of treatment. The research concluded, that legislation must be focused on supporting changes that will ease entry of antibiotics to the market (i.e. with a congruent regulatory pathway and/or with financial support of governments) to allow a practical inclusion of the national plans.

As of 2017, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance continues unabated around the world, leaving devastating health and economic outcomes in its wake. Those consequences will multiply if collaborative global action is not taken to address the spread of resistance. Major drivers of antimicrobial resistance in humans have been accelerated by inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing in health care practices; the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in livestock; and the promulgation of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. To explore the issue of antimicrobial resistance, the Forum of Microbial Threats planned a public workshop. Participants explored issues of antimicrobial resistance through the lens of One Health, which is a collaborative approach of multiple disciplines - working locally, nationally, and globally - for strengthening systems to counter infectious diseases and related issues that threaten human, animal, and environmental health, with an end point of improving global health and achieving gains in development. They also discussed immediate and short-term actions and research needs that will have the greatest effect on reducing antimicrobial resistance, while taking into account the complexities of bridging different sectors and disciplines to address this global threat. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.