Implicity Of Electronic Contract Formation With Reference To Email And Website

Master's Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: 72 % - Distinction, Bournemouth University (Law Academic Department), language: English, abstract: Approximately eight years ago, an electronic invention called the Internet has initiated a phenomenon of exuberant fascination and economic upturn of individuals and businesses at the same time. The steady increasing amount of online users presents a beneficial medium through which commercial entities can advertise and sell their commodities without mentionable delay. Potential consumers have borderless access to products at competitive prices independent of regional distances. Consequently, it is simply to ask the question "How do people contract over the Internet and are the familiar Common Law principles applicable?" This question is in particular in such an extent controversial and important to resolve, since there is no English court which has dealt with this subject so far. As the traditional contract law has been developed and modified due to new and unfamiliar communication means over centuries, it may be that the existing principles are hardly applicable and insufficient to determine the formation of an electronic contract. Though, it is also imaginable that courts may easily alter the contract law rules to an appropriate extent as they already did with other communication methods. This dissertation is concerned with the demanding topic of formation of contracts in the area of electronic commerce. It tackles legal issues in an environment of various forms of commercial and non-commercial activities using electronic means. As the fields of electronic commerce and practicing business online are constantly increasing all over the globe, legal issues of complex content are steadily challenging traditional law principles, courts, lawyers and legal scholars to develop governing laws and adequate solutions. The dissertation faces and investigates how existi

This unique one-volume monograph offers commentary on the contract law of twenty key jurisdictions as it applies to online business. The text provides legal counsel and businesspeople with practical information about electronic transactions and contract formation, as well as a description of the country's general legal framework and an overview of the country's scheme of online business regulation. Features in-depth analysis of key practice issues - General principles of contract law - E-commerce legislation in force - Electronic transactions - Effective formation of online contracts (e-contracts) - When and how an offer is made to create an online contract - When and where an online contract is formed - Shrinkwrap and clickwrap issues - Digital signatures - Evidentiary issues - "Self-help" issues - Special provisions to include in online contracts - Legislation governing online contracts In addition to the country coverage, Online Contract Formation includes a wealth of supplementary material: sample agreements and forms, topical contract-related commentary, and source documents. Sample Forms/Agreements, including: - Checklist including tips on how to make your online agreement more enforceable - Sample click-through agreement for purchasing goods over the Internet - Sample clauses for arbitration agreements with respect to both consumer and commercial transactions - Sample terms and conditions for a website - Website development agreement - Links agreement Sample commentary, including: - Glossary of online business terms - Jurisdictional Issues in International E-Commerce Contracts - Effective Formation of Contracts by Electronic Means, and Dispute Resolution in the New E-conomy: Still More Questions than Answers Key sources/documents include: - (US) Electronic Signatures Act (ESIGA) - Uniform Electronic Commerce Act (Canada) - Canada's Uniform Law Conference of Canada Uniform Electronic Commerce Act - UNCITRAL Draft Uniform Rules on Electronic Signatures.

The Law of E-Commerce E-Contracts , E-Business Electronic commerce raises some legal issues, including whether the contract must be in a particular form or authenticated; validity, time and place of communication; cross-offers and battle of forms. This book analyses the legal problems relating to contracts formed on the Internet, including the use of electronic agents, the enforceability of clickwrap agreements, electronic payments, and choice-of-law and jurisdiction issues. These issues are considered from the UK common law point of view and according to the SICG, UNIDROIT Principles, PECL, UNCITRAL Model Law, and the Uniform Commercial Code.

In this new edition, Dr Blount continues his scholarly and very valuable contribution to this emerging area of the law. The significance of a text like this, that synthesises the law and categorises issues that arise in an area vital to our daily lives, cannot be understated. From the foreword to the first editon by In his forward to the book, the Honourable Justice Steven Rares J. This book identifies issues of contract law that are uniquely problematic for electronic contracts, such as whether clicking an oÂeÂ~I agreeoÂeÂ(tm) box is really an acceptance of the terms of a contract, whether acceptance of an offer by email or text message attracts the postal acceptance rule, whether notice of terms can be given by hyperlink, and whether a term of oÂeÂ~fit for purposeoÂeÂ(tm) can be implied at common law for the download of software. In addition to considering the when, where and how of electronic contract formation and the incorporation and vitiation of webpage terms, the book analyses a large number of important common law appellate and superior court decisions to predict the likely law of electronic contracts for all common law jurisdictions, including Australia. Expanded to cover the new developments in this area this second edition includes a new chapter on international conventions and model laws. This book will be of immeasurable assistance to legal practitioners litigating and drafting electronic contracts, as well as to practitioners, academics, and students interested in the legal problems arising from the new information technologies. Features oÂeo Detailed and scholarly coverage of the topic oÂeo Applies a comparative approach oÂeo Author considers over 150 common law electronic contract cases at appellate level Related Titles Seddon and Ellinghaus, Cheshire and FifootoÂeÂ(tm)s Law of Contract, 10th ed 2012 George et al, Social Media and the Law, 2014

This book is the first to examine intermediaries in a holistic and systematic manner. The classical model of face-to-face contracting between two individuals is no longer dominant. Instead, deals frequently involve a number of parties, often acting through intermediaries. As a result, it is important to understand the role and power of intermediaries. Intermediaries tend to be considered within discrete silos of the law. But by focussing upon a particular, narrow area of law, lessons are not learned from analogous situations. This book takes a broader approach, and looks across the traditional boundaries of private law in order to gain a proper assessment of the role played by intermediaries. A wide range of jurisdictions and topical issues are discussed in order to illuminate the role intermediaries play in commercial law. For example, the continued growth of electronic commerce requires consideration of the role of websites and other platforms as intermediaries. And developments in artificial intelligence raise the prospect of intermediaries being non-human actors. All these issues are subject to rigorous analysis by the expert contributors to this book.

The second edition of this highly recommended work addresses the interaction between conflict of laws, dispute resolution, electronic commerce and consumer contracts. In addition it identifies specific difficulties that conflicts lawyers and consumer lawyers encounter in electronic commerce and proposes original approaches to balance the conflict of interest between consumers' access to justice and business efficiency. The European Union has played a leading role in this area of law and its initiatives are fully explored. It pays particular attention to the most recent development in collective redress and alternative/online dispute resolution. By adopting multiple research methods, including a comparative study of the EU and US approach; historical analysis of protective conflict of laws; doctrinal analysis of legal provisions and economic analysis of law, it provides the most comprehensive examination of frameworks in cross-border consumer contracts.

As jurisdictions increasingly pass new cybersecurity and privacy laws, it is crucial that attorneys secure a working knowledge of information technology to effectively advise organizations that collect and process data. This essential book—now extensively updated to reflect the dramatic legal changes that have taken place in the few short years since its first edition—remains the preeminent in-depth survey and analysis of privacy and cybersecurity laws worldwide. It also provides a deeply informed guide on how to apply legal requirements to protect an organization’s interests and anticipate future compliance developments. With detailed attention to relevant supranational, regional, and national privacy and data protection laws and frameworks, the author describes and analyzes the legal strategies and responsibilities attached to the following and more: prompt, secure ways to identify threats, manage vulnerabilities, and respond to “incidents” and data breaches; most common types of cyberattacks used today; transparency and consent; rights of revocation, erasure, and correction; de-identification and anonymization procedures; data localization; cross-jurisdictional data transfer; contract negotiation; encryption, de-identification, anonymization, and pseudonymization; and Artificial Intelligence as an emerging technology that will require more dynamic and challenging conversations. Balancing legal knowledge with technical awareness and business acumen, this book is an indispensable resource for attorneys who must provide advice on strategic implementations of new technologies, advise on the impact of certain laws on the enterprise, interpret complex cybersecurity and privacy contractual language, and participate in incident response and data breach activities. It will also be of value to other practitioners, such as security personnel and compliance professionals, who will benefit from a broad perspective exploring privacy and data protection laws and their connection with security technologies and broader organizational compliance objectives.