Industrial Exploitation Of Microorganisms

This book embodies 21 review articles contributed by subject experts of various areas of industrial microbiology. The articles are devoted to pharma industries, food and enzyme industries, textile industry, agro-industry and cottage industry. Yeast is one of the important microorganisms which have been used to produce beverages, alcohols and fermented food commodities for a very long time. In recent years, it has been the first choice among eukaryotes to use in recombinant technology. Yeast and Spirulina are being used and marketed as Single Cell Protein (SCP). Mushrooms have been used by humans down the ages. In addition to a rich source of mycoprotein, they have medicinal values also against many ailments. Number of bioactive novel compounds is increasing with the discovery of microbial species and newer groups of microorganisms. Some chapters are devoted to microbial bioinoculants used as biofertilizers because they are rich source of nitrogen and phosphorus for both legumes and non-legumes. They are being manufactured and sold in market with different trade names. In addition, several microbial enzymes have been produced and commercialized by various industries, but highly active and potential enzymes produced through recombinant DNA technology hold much importance. For example, microbial proteases find application in detergent leather, food and pharma industries and provide eco-friendly technology for bioremediation. Laccase has been worked out to be a good tool for bioremediation of non-degradable wastes and xenobiotic chemicals. Besides, laccase-based biosensors have also been constructed which can be used for phenol determination, monitoring of lignin and plant flavonoids. Various microbial phytases as feed supplemented have been used in freshwater and marine aquaculture for improving the growth performance of fishes. Nowadays aquaculture is growing rapidly to meet increasing food demand throughout the world for high quality fish. More than 16,000 bioactive compounds have been isolated from actinomycetes alone including antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, siderophores and nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by bacteria, actinomycetes and algae has been reported and work is being done nationally and internationally.

The latest volume in the Advanced Biotechnology series provides an overview of the main production hosts and platform organisms used today as well as promising future cell factories in a two volume book. Alongside describing tools for genetic and metabolic engineering for strain improvement, the authors also impart topical information on computational tools, safety aspects and industrial-scale production. Following an introduction to general concepts, historical developments and future technologies, the text goes on to cover multi-purpose bacterial cell factories, including those organisms that exploit anaerobic biosynthetic power. Further chapters deal with microbes used for the production of high-value natural compounds and those obtained from alternative raw material sources, concluding with eukaryotic workhorses. Of interest to biotechnologists and microbiologists, as well as those working in the biotechnological, chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries.The latest volume in the Advanced Biotechnology series provides an overview of the main production hosts and platform organisms used today as well as promising future cell factories in a two volume book. Alongside describing tools for genetic and metabolic engineering for strain improvement, the authors also impart topical information on computational tools, safety aspects and industrial-scale production. Following an introduction to general concepts, historical developments and future technologies, the text goes on to cover multi-purpose bacterial cell factories, including those organisms that exploit anaerobic biosynthetic power. Further chapters deal with microbes used for the production of high-value natural compounds and those obtained from alternative raw material sources, concluding with eukaryotic workhorses. Of interest to biotechnologists and microbiologists, as well as those working in the biotechnological, chemical, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Industrial microbiology utilizes microorganisms to produce industrially important products in a more sustainable way, as opposed to the traditional chemical and energy intensive processes. The present book is an attempt to provide its readers with compiled and updated information in the area of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. This book provides the basics of microbiology and how it has been exploited at an industrial scale. The book focuses on the role of biotechnological advances that directly impact the industrial production of several bioactive compounds using microbes-based methods under a controlled and regulated environment. On one hand, this book presents detailed information on the basics of microbiology such as types of microbes and their applications, bioreactor design, fermentation techniques, strain improvement strategies, etc. At the same time it also provides recent and updated information on industrial production, recovery, and applications of enzymes, alcohols, organic acids, steroids as a drug precursor, etc., using microbial biotechnological approaches. The book presents an overview of modern technological advances for the generation of energy (biomethane, bioethanol, and bioelectricity) and resource recovery from waste. It also highlights the application of CRISPR-based technologies in the industrial microbiology sector. This book is developed with the motive to benefit students, academicians, as well as researchers. The book will also find interests among microbiologists, biotechnologists, environmentalists, and engineers working in the application of the microbes-based approach for the development of greener technologies.

The field of microbiology and biotechnology are intertwined since time immemorial however the ties between the two areas became prominent in the last century. The areas provided various products which enriched mankind in various ways mainly in the form of food and succeeded in producing medicines. There was no technology which provoked the humans to understand the mechanisms involved whilst using microbes. In previous millennia, microbes were utilized by humans for several needs; however there was no scope of understanding the machinery to the complete detail.The nineteenth century bore an outstanding scientist named Louis Pasteur who pioneered in industrial microbiology. His understanding of microbes laid a path to the other discoveries which made human life more comfortable and also increment in life span is clearly noticed. The fight against infectious diseases has progressed with the advancements in microbiology. The era of mass production of the microbial products initiated mainly with citric acid production. The Second World War provided an essentiality to understand the process of preservation of products in aseptic conditions.The economically viable products such as vaccines, cytokines, pharmaceuticals and foods were produced in a large scale due to advancements in genetic engineering in the seventies. The applied microbiology and biotechnology are playing a crucial role in dictating national economy, medicine, agriculture, environmental protection and pharmaceuticals. The main reason to devise this part of literature is to introduce and summarize the current state of knowledge which concerns microbial application in large scale production lines. This book is built on my experiences with several research fronts during these two decades.The field of industrial microbiology and biotechnology deals with exploitation of microbes is a systematic manner in order to obtain goods and services for human welfare. The two immediate aspect of industrial microbiology are fermentation processes and service delivery especially in pollution control. It is assumed that the reader may have got some learned experience in microbiology to understand this book. The students of any life sciences and chemistry can understand the concept delivered in this book without any hassles.The application of microbiology in industrial biotechnology is broadly emphasized in this book. The chapters were designed to let the reader take a systematic study without getting struck at any concept and never feel confused.I would like to express my gratitude to all the professors and researchers who provided me variety of inputs to make this literature work a success. All the valuable time they invested in me to bring out this book is duly appreciated and some of the reflections which they expect are in due till the book is read by many of the enthusiastic students.

Of major economic, environmental and social importance, industrial microbiology involves the utilization of microorganisms in the production of a wide range of products, including enzymes, foods, beverages, chemical feedstocks, fuels and pharmaceuticals, and clean technologies employed for waste treatment and pollution control. Aimed at undergraduates studying the applied aspects of biology, particularly those on biotechnology and microbiology courses and students of food science and biochemical engineering, this text provides a wide-ranging introduction to the field of industrial microbiology. The content is divided into three sections: key aspects of microbial physiology, exploring the versatility of microorganisms, their diverse metabolic activities and products industrial microorganisms and the technology required for large-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentation products investigation of a wide range of established and novel industrial fermentation processes and products Written by experienced lecturers with industrial backgrounds, Industrial Microbiology provides the reader with groundwork in both the fundamental principles of microbial biology and the various traditional and novel applications of microorganisms to industrial processes, many of which have been made possible or enhanced by recent developments in genetic engineering technology. A wide-ranging introduction to the field of industrial microbiology Based on years of teaching experience by experienced lecturers with industrial backgrounds Explains the underlying microbiology as well as the industrial application. Content is divided into three sections: 1. key aspects of microbial physiology, exploring the versatility of microorganisms, their diverse metabolic activities and products 2. industrial microorganisms and the technology required for large-scale cultivation and isolation of fermentation products 3. investigation of a wide range of established and novel industrial fermentation processes and products

The field of industrial microbiology involves a thorough knowledge of the microbial physiology behind the processes in the large-scale, profit-oriented production of microbe-related goods which are the subject of the field. In recent times a paradigm shift has occurred, and a molecular understanding of the various processes by which plants, animals and microorganisms are manipulated is now central to industrial microbiology. Thus the various applications of industrial microbiology are covered broadly, with emphasis on the physiological and genomic principles behind these applications. Relevance of the new elements such as bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, site-directed mutation and metabolic engineering, which have necessitated the paradigm shift in industrial microbiology are discussed.