Innovation Studies

Different theories, models and narratives of innovation compete for both legitimacy and authority. However, despite the variations, they all offer a consistent pro-innovation bias, dismissing resistance as irrational, and overlooking the value of non-users and collateral impacts. This book looks at innovation from a different perspective and asks, what has been left out? It offers a reflexive view and invites researchers to consider new avenues of research, through a critique of current representations of innovation.

Innovation is increasingly recognized as a vitally important social and economic phenomenon worthy of serious research study. Firms are concerned about their innovation ability, particularly relative to their competitors. Politicians care about innovation, too, because of its presumed social and economic impact. However, to recognize that innovation is desirable is not sufficient. What is required is systematic and reliable knowledge about how best to influence innovation and to exploit its effects to the full. Gaining such knowledge is the aim of the field of innovation studies, which is now at least half a century old. Hence, it is an opportune time to ask what has been achieved and what we still need to know more about. This is what this book sets out to explore. Written by a number of central contributors to the field, it critically examines the current state of the art and identifies issues that merit greater attention. The focus is mainly on how society can derive the greatest benefit from innovation and what needs to done to achieve this. However, to learn more about how society can benefit more from innovation, one also needs to understand innovation processes in firms and how these interact with broader social, institutional and political factors. Such issues are therefore also central to the discussion here.

Interactions between firms and universities are key building blocks of innovation systems. This book focuses on those interactions in developing countries, presenting studies based on fresh empirical material prepared by research teams in 12 countries

The book offers a wide range of topics that are explored and investigated both theoretically and practically in the fields of entrepreneurship and management. Also, we adhere to the belief that this book could open new windows of opportunity for students, future researchers, practitioners and policymakers to deal with entrepreneurship and innovation-related topics in emerging economies.

Innovation drives long-term economic growth. It has a crucial role to play as global economies recover from the current financial crisis. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa. It investigates innovation systems and their application; the key role of knowledge in innovation for development; and the importance of comparable country studies and official statistics on innovation. It stresses the need for innovation to become part of a comprehensive development agenda, and makes recommendations for promoting activities in both the formal and informal sectors, with the aim of transforming agriculture into a knowledge-based industry capable of stimulating economic growth. Innovation and the Development Agenda is an important component of the overall OECD Innovation Strategy, which seeks to create stronger and more sustainable growth, while addressing the key global challenges of the 21st century. It is also part of the Innovation, Technology, and Society programme of IDRC. For more information about the OECD Innovation Strategy, see www.oecd.org/innovation/strategy. For more information on IDRC programmes, see www.idrc.ca.

This book is open access under a CC BY license. Interest in social innovation continues to rise, from governments setting up social innovation 'labs' to large corporations developing social innovation strategies. Yet theory lags behind practice, and this hampers our ability to understand social innovation and make the most of its potential. This collection brings together work by leading social innovation researchers globally, exploring the practice and process of researching social innovation, its nature and effects. Combining theoretical chapters and empirical studies, it shows how social innovation is blurring traditional boundaries between the market, the state and civil society, thereby developing new forms of services, relationships and collaborations. It takes a critical perspective, analyzing potential downsides of social innovation that often remain unexplored or are glossed over, yet concludes with a powerful vision of the potential for social innovation to transform society. It aims to be a valuable resource for students and researchers, as well as policymakers and others supporting and leading social innovation.

Different theories, models and narratives of innovation compete for both legitimacy and authority. However, despite the variations, they all offer a consistent pro-innovation bias, dismissing resistance as irrational, and overlooking the value of non-users and collateral impacts. This book asks, what has been left out? It offers a reflexive view and invites researchers to consider new avenues of research, through a critique of current representations of innovation. The chapters provide a different viewpoint on innovation by exploring what has been omitted from traditional innovation studies. The book examines imitation, non-innovative roles, resistance to innovation, slow innovation, the rationale of non-users, failure, withdrawal, collateral impacts and alternative models. Calling for new definitions and frameworks, the editors have created a critical program for innovation studies with new avenues for future research. Offering state-of-the-art discussion of theories, models, narratives and ideologies of innovation and alternative approaches, this book will be an essential resource for scholars in technology and innovation, management, engineering, political and social sciences. It will also appeal to policy-makers in the science and technology sector. Contributors include: C. Bagattolli, M.W. Bauer, L. Becerra, K. Berglund, T. Brandão, C. Cañibano, M.I. Encinar, G. Gaglio, S. Garrido, B. Godin, F. Goulet, J. Juhl, J. Langrish, K.-H. Leitner, F.-F. Muñoz, S.M. Pfotenhauer, B. Segercrantz, J. Söderberg, K.-E. Sveiby, H. Thomas, D. Vinck, L. Vinsel

The concept of open innovation has become increasingly popular in the management and policy literature on technology and innovation. However, despite the large volume of empirical work, many of the prescriptions being proposed are fairly general and not specific to particular contexts and contingencies. The proponents of open innovation are universally positive but research suggests that the specific mechanisms and outcomes of open innovation models are very sensitive to context and contingency. This is not surprising because the open or closed nature of innovation is historically contingent and does not entail a simple shift from closed to open as often suggested in the literature. Research has shown that patterns of innovation differ fundamentally by sector, firm and strategy. Therefore, there is a need to examine the mechanisms that help to generate successful open innovation. In this book, the authors contribute to a shift in the debate from potentially misleading general prescriptions, and provide conceptual and empirical insights into the precise mechanisms and potential limitations of open innovation research and management practice. Contents:Introduction: Why We Need a Tighter Theory and More Critical Research on Open Innovation (Joe Tidd)Taxonomies and Modes:Different Modes of Open Innovation: A Theoretical Framework and an Empirical Study (Valentina Lazzarotti and Raffaella Manzini)Advancing a Typology of Open Innovation (S C Ellis, Peter T Gianiodis and E Secchi)How to Balance Open and Closed Innovation: Strategy and Culture as Influencing Factors (Ellen Enkel and Karoline Bader)Context and Contingencies:The Role of Open Innovation in Dynamic Environments (Fiona Schweitzer, Kurt Gaubinger and Oliver Gassmann)A Conceptual Model of Open Innovation for New Product Development Projects: Towards a Contingency Theory (Hanna Bahemia and Brian Squire)Open Service Innovation: The Influence of Project Novelty (Joe Tidd and Kuo-Nan Hsieh)Exploring the Use of Open Innovation in Processes, Products and Services (Amy Huang and John Rice)Managing Open Innovation in Multinational Enterprises: Combining Open Innovation and R&D Globalization Literature (Wim Vanhaverbeke, Jingshu Du and Maximilian von Zedtwitz)Sector and Industry Studies:Measuring the Impact of Inbound Open Innovation Practices on Performance in Services (Anne-Laure Mention and Anna-Leena Asikainen)Generativity and Innovation in Smartphone Ecosystems (Björn Remneland-Wikhamn, Jan Ljungberg, Magnus Bergquist and Jonas Kuschel)Toward a Dynamic Perspective on Open Innovation: A Longitudinal Assessment of the Adoption of Internal and External Innovation Strategies in the Netherlands (Tom Poot, Dries Faems and Wim Vanhaverbeke)Investigating Inter-Industry Differences in the Implementation of Open Innovation (Tommaso Buganza, Davide Chiaroni, Gabriele Colombo and Federico Frattini)Limitations and Constraints of Open Innovation:Open Innovation: Old Ideas in a Fancy Tuxedo Remedy a False Dichotomy (Paul Trott and Dap Hartmann)Not for Everybody: Why Some Organisations Benefit More from Open Innovation than Others (Torsten Oliver Salge, Thomas Marc Bohné, Tomas Farchi and Erk Peter Piening)Positive and Negative Dynamics of Open Innovation (Michael M Hopkins, Joe Tidd and Paul Nightingale) Readership: Graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field of open innovation and management. Key Features:This book challenges the claims that open innovation represents a universal good practiceThis book provides vital insights into the mechanics of open innovation and its potential limitationsKeywords:Innovation;Open Innovation;Technology Management;Product DevelopmentReviews: "In sum, this interesting book illustrates that the simple dichotomy between open and closed approaches for innovation is not realistic, and that there are pitfalls to open innovation. This book can certainly be useful to managers trying to keep up with the fast changing environment and with the current challenges of innovation, but is more useful to academic scholars." Paulo Figueiredo