International Classification Of Childhood Cancer 1996

Sets out a revised international standard system for the classification of childhood cancer based on morphology. The 1996 edition has been revised to reflect changes in the second edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-2) and the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) which introduced a new and expanded coding for cancer. The book opens with a general introduction to the new classification, emphasizing differences from previous classifications and the reasons why specific changes were introduced. This is followed by an explanation of the two, Child-check, computer programs, included with the book, for conversion from ICD-O-1 to ICD-O-2, and from ICD-O-2 to the current International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC). The programs help users to improve the quality and comparability of childhood cancer data and to automate the scrutiny procedures as far as possible. Also provided are instructions for installing and running the programs, and a key to the content of output files. The main part of the book consists of a tabulation of the complete classification rules, followed by a conversion table for ICCC and the Birch and Marsden classification introduced in 1987. A series of tables indicating acceptable morphology and site combinations concludes the classification.

Cancer is the second commonest cause of death, after accidents, among children in developed countries, while in developing countries, improvements in the control of communicable diseases and the occurrence of premature delivery may lead to the emergence of cancer in children as a greater public health problem than in the past. The rationale for considering childhood cancers separately from cancers in adults in that there are differences in the sites of occurrence, in the histological appearance and in their clinical behavior. This book reviews the epidemiology of specific types of childhood cancer to mid-1997. The scale of the problem is first reviewed in a major compilation of data on the descriptive epidemiology of childhood cancer, then separate chapters describe studies of the different postulated causal factors and summarize what can be concluded from them.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer has a long experience in the compilation and analysis of data on the incidence of cancer in different parts of the world. This activity has been extended by the publication of the present volume, which brings together information on the incidence of cancer in children from over fifty countries. It represents the most extensive collection of such data ever published. The data are presented in a readily accessible format for making useful comparisons. A special classification system is employed, based upon the cellular origin of the tumors. This is more relevant than the traditional classification by anatomical site, since it is generally acknowledged that genetic susceptibility of particular cell types plays a more important role in the etiology of childhood cancers than in adults. The geographic and ethnic variations in the risk of different cancers are an invaluable resource for workers interested in formulating and confirming hypotheses concerning the causes of childhood cancer.

The Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa volume brings together population-based cancer incidence data from 25 cancer registries in 20 sub-Saharan African countries that are part of the African Cancer Registry Network. The compiled data in this volume, presented and commented upon by covered population and by anatomical site, are of tremendous value to the assessment of the pattern and evolution of cancer in Africa, as a means of elucidating, confirming, and evaluating causes of the disease.

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of all aspects of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, from basic biology to supportive care. It offers new insights into the genetic pre-disposition to the condition and discusses how response to early therapy and its basic biology are utilized to develop new prognostic stratification systems and target therapy. Readers will learn about current treatment and outcomes, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy approaches. Supportive care and management of the condition in resource poor countries are also discussed in detail. This is an indispensable guide for research and laboratory scientists, pediatric hematologists as well as specialist nurses involved in the care of childhood leukemia.

This edition of ICD-O, the standard tool for coding diagnoses of neoplasms in tumour and cancer registrars and in pathology laboratories, has been developed by a working party convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer / WHO. ICD-O is a dual classification with coding systems for both topography and morphology. The book has five main sections. The first provides general instructions for using the coding systems and gives rules for their implementation in tumour registries and pathology laboratories. Section two includes the numerical list of topography codes, which remain unchanged from the previous edition. The numerical list of morphology codes is presented in the next section, which introduces several new terms and includes considerable revisions of the non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukaemia sections, based on the WHO Classification of Hematopoietic and Lympoid Diseases. The five-digit morphology codes allow identification of a tumour or cell type by histology, behaviour, and grade. Revisions in the morphology section were made in consultation with a large number of experts and were finalised after field-testing in cancer registries around the world. The alphabetical index gives codes for both topography and morphology and includes selected tumour-like lesions and conditions. A guide to differences in morphology codes between the second and third editions is provided in the final section, which includes lists of all new code numbers, new terms and synonyms added to existing code definitions, terms that changed morphology code, terms for conditions now considered malignant, deleted terms, and terms that changed behaviour code.