International Maritime Law From The Russian Perspective

This book is one of the most comprehensive guides to international maritime law from the Russian perspective. It consists of three relatively independent sections: Russian Maritime Law, International Public Maritime Law, and International Private Maritime Law. First section discusses the development of the maritime law as a branch of the Russian law. It examines concepts and sources of the Russian federal laws, secondary legislation and customs, including the influences guiding the future of Russian law of the sea. . The second section examines International Public Maritime Law including the principles, sources, subjects, as well legal status of the vessel, including the vessel's state flag, her name, state registration, the problem of "flags of convenience", vessel's documents, the crew, and the master. This section further details the current international legal regime of maritime spaces, provisions concerning legal protection of marine environments, ensuring navigation safety, international legal regulation of the work of seamen, international inter-governmental marine organizations, and settlement of international public marine disputes. The third section is devoted to International Private Maritime Law and discusses its principles and sources, conflict-of-law rules, structure and types, and the main choice-of-law principles used today in international private maritime law. This section also discusses the following institutions and sub-branches within international private maritime law including: carriage of cargoes and passengers by sea, general average, salvage, collisions of vessels, marine insurance, limitation of liability, international non-governmental maritime organizations, and settlement of international private marine disputes.

With the fundamental changes which occurred in the political structure of Europe, and improved East--West relations in general, the Arctic has increasingly become the focal point of international attention during the last few years. Scientific research and environmental protection are areas which have already witnessed some form of international cooperation in the area. With this particular evolution in mind, a new look at the legal regime of navigation in the Arctic seems to be justified. While several other countries border on the Arctic, Canada and Russia have the most extensive shorelines and have shown keen interest in ensuring that their proper share of this area is not encroached by other countries. This book is thus generally restricted to an examination of the maritime boundaries that these states are claiming, and the extent to which other states have recognized them. It also explores the need for greater international cooperation in this area, not only between the two main contenders but also with other countries that have shown a special interest in Arctic navigation and in the exploitation of resources of this area.

This book contains contributions to two joint seminars organized by the Universities of Kiel and St. Petersburg. Both international commercial arbitration and maritime law are characterized by a mixture of international and national sources. The two subjects are brought together here in one volume as maritime disputes often go to arbitration and both areas show, from a theoretical perspective, a number of interesting parallels and differences. Germany and Russia have ratified the major conventions in these fields, but many issues are left to domestic law and deserve a comparative evaluation.

Originally published in Russian, this book is the first major Russian treatise on the international law of the sea in the post-Soviet era. The book covers the legal status and legal regime of the sea expanses and follows their classification in the 1982 United Nations Convention. In addition, a separate section is devoted to the legal status of the Caspian Sea. The author analyzes in-depth the international legal norms regulating the preservation of the marine environment and concludes that a system of international cooperation is essential both in the sphere of navigation and economic exploitation of oceanic resources. Extensive attention is given to Russian practice. As Russia plays a central and influential role in world maritime policy, a book that specifically deals with Russian approaches in this field cannot fail to be of importance to anyone interested in the law of the sea.

The law of the sea is considered as one of the original fieldsat international level. The coastal states have identified asone of the most important transport methods of carriage bysea. The history of international relations and international lawreveal that the events relating to the power over seas ratherthan wars on seas or wars for seas. This resulted in loss aswell as profit to nations.

The concept of environmental security, drawing on the widely understood notion of international strategic interdependence (in facing, for example, threats of nuclear war or economic collapse) is gaining currency as a way of thinking about international environmental management. In 1989, the Institute for World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Marine Policy Center of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution instituted a joint project to examine environmental security as it applies to the world's oceans. The Oceans and Environmental Security is a unified expression of their findings. The oceans, as global commons, are of central importance to issues of international environmental security. Critical problems are those that are likely to destabilize normal relations between nations and provoke international countermeasures. As such, the book focuses on seven specific concerns: land-based marine pollution North Pacific fisheries depletion hazardous materials transport nuclear contamination the Arctic Ocean the Southern Ocean and Antarctica the Law of the Sea