Introduction To Multidisciplinary Science With Artificial Intelligence

The book is about multidisciplinary science education. The challenges of our time, such as improving the length and quality of lives on Earth and short- and long-distance communication and transportation. In this book, we provide readers with the multidisciplinary education necessary to meet the scientific and technological challenges of our time while optimizing the college experience for students. The fundamental notions addressed in this book include gravitational forces and energy; dark matter and dark energy; heat transfer in solid Earth, stars’ interiors, and human bodies; electromagnetic radiation and spectroscopy; quantum entanglement and computing; accretion disks; matter in plasma state; and exoplanets. We illustrate the importance of these notions with applications across disciplines, including monitoring the deformation of the solid Earth’s surface using satellite measurements, unusual gravity anomalies in Antarctica, a view and characterization of the far side of our Moon, Earth’s climate, Titan’s anti-greenhouse effect, long-distance communication between Earth and the planets and exoplanets, etc. Finally, the book contains analytical and computational problems, including MATLAB software developed especially for the classes associated with this book. Key Features: • Contains multiple analytic and computational (MATLAB) exercises • Explores applications related to space programs' discoveries • Provides an accessible introduction and response to growing Multidisciplinary Science programs Dr. Luc Thomas Ikelle is a scientist with Imode Energy. He is also currently an adjunct professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas A&M University. Previously, he worked at Cray Research Inc. in Minneapolis, developing 3D seismic inversion algorithms for CRAY Y-PM. From 1988 to 1997, he worked as a scientist for Schlumberger Geco-Prakla, Schlumberger Doll Research, and Schlumberger Cambridge Research. From 1997 to 2014, Dr. Ikelle was Robert R. Berg Professor in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas A&M University. He earned a Ph.D. in geophysics and geochemistry from Paris 7 University in France. He received Le Prix de Thesis du CNRS in 1986 for his Ph.D. thesis, an SEG award in 2010 for his contribution to the creation of Geoscientists Without Borders, and a Texas AM University award as an outstanding scientist in 2012. He is a cofounder of Geoscientists Without Borders and of Imode Energy Research, and a member of SEG, AGU, and APS. Dr. Ikelle has worked as a DOE (US Department of Energy) special employer from 2005 to 2012 and was a member of Ultra-Deepwater Advisory Committee (an advisory committee to the Secretary of Energy) from 2005 to 2012.

Higher science education is about preparing people to address the scientific and technological challenges of our times. The list of these challenges includes, but are not limited to, feeding the world's growing population, improving the length and quality of lives on Earth, improving short- and long- distance communication and transportation, predicting of, adapting to, and mitigating of natural hazards, and exploring space to improve our lives on Earth and for the survival of our civilization. This book prepares students to understand and address these challenges because these challenges, even in most of their narrow focuses, transcend the current college curriculums or programs. The Earth's climate change is an example of the narrow focus of the large topic of natural hazards. It spans almost all aspects of modern sciences, including biology, chemistry, and physics. Moreover, the span of these challenges may also be telling us that we have to rethink higher sciences education because the current splintering of science education into endless disciplines may not be the best or a unique way to prepare minds to address these challenges. We may be locking great young minds to a certain viewpoint forever, an unintended indoctrination. At least some universities and colleges must start moving away from the monolithic way of delivering higher science education or to create a multidisciplinary science as a separate program and hopefully unleash a new generation of super engineers and scientists who are speaking scientific language. Moreover, this approach may optimize the higher education time for some people.

"Technological developments and advances in scientific research have enabled the cross-fertilization of scientific disciplines. This book aims to provide readers with the tools necessary to address scientific and technological challenges in astronomy and space exploration. It explores gravity, the structure of the Earth and stars, spectroscopy of molecules, minerals, and stars, in addition to the accretion of stars and exoplanets and identification of Earth-like exoplanets. It also explores topics closer to home, geodesy, climate change, quantum computing and quantum entanglement, electricity in the human body and ground, and plasma as form of matter. Chapters include multiple exercises and advanced computer exercises, enabling readers to better understand and contribute to the resolution of current scientific and technological challenges. The book can serve as a practical guidebook for students studying astronomy and astrophysics, alongside general physics, chemistry and biology modules and multidisciplinary courses in science education"--

This book covers the materials of multiple current programs in a short space because these programs include huge duplications that we have avoided here. They also unnecessarily over-elaborate on some materials, which are actually just examples, exercises, or applications of a given topic, another issue avoided in this text.

Higher science education is about preparing people to address the scientific and technological challenges of our times. The list of these challenges includes, but is not limited to, feeding the world's growing population, improving the length and quality of lives on Earth, improving short- and long- distance communication and transportation, predicting of, adapting to, and mitigating of natural hazards, and exploring space to improve our lives on Earth and for the survival of our civilization. This book series prepares students to understand and contribute, to address these challenges. Because these challenges, even in most of their narrow focuses, transcend the current college curriculums or programs. The Earth's climate change is an example of the narrow focus of the large topic of natural hazards. It spans almost all aspects of modern sciences, including biology, chemistry, and physics. Moreover, the span of these challenges may also be telling us that we have to rethink higher sciences education because the current splintering of science education into endless disciplines may not be the best or a unique way to prepare minds to address these challenges. We may be locking talented young minds to a certain viewpoint forever, an unintended indoctrination. At least some universities and colleges must start moving away from the monolithic way of delivering higher science education or to create a multidisciplinary science as a separate program and hopefully unleash a new generation of super engineers and scientists who are speaking scientific language. Moreover, this approach may optimize the higher education time for some people.

In the chapters in Part I of this textbook the author introduces the fundamental ideas of artificial intelligence and computational intelligence. In Part II he explains key AI methods such as search, evolutionary computing, logic-based reasoning, knowledge representation, rule-based systems, pattern recognition, neural networks, and cognitive architectures. Finally, in Part III, he expands the context to discuss theories of intelligence in philosophy and psychology, key applications of AI systems, and the likely future of artificial intelligence. A key feature of the author's approach is historical and biographical footnotes, stressing the multidisciplinary character of the field and its pioneers. The book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in computer science, engineering, and other applied sciences, and the appendices offer short formal, mathematical models and notes to support the reader.

The book is divided into three volumes. Volume 2 has five chapters. In these five chapters we introduce, with significant details, the core fundamental notions of (1) deformability, (2) sound and hearing, (3) permeability and porosity, (4) viscosity, (5) immiscibility, (6) wettability, (7) gravity and geodesy, and (8) heat and thermodynamics. We then illustrate, with applications across disciplines, the importance of these notions in our lives and in understanding the world around us. These applications include the description of skyquakes and limnic eruptions, the origin of hydrocarbon accumulations underground, the description of the interiors of our Moon and of Jupiter's core, the differences between the near and far side of our Moon, vortices in oceans, gravity anomalies of Antarctica and Mars, lateral and vertical plate motions, the absence of induced earthquakes in the Bakken shale play, self-cleaning surfaces including oil spills, human thermoregulation, thermal diagnostics and therapies, bone and muscles losses during space travels, and nuclear fusion by gravitational confinement.

Game theory is the mathematical study of interaction among independent, self-interested agents. The audience for game theory has grown dramatically in recent years, and now spans disciplines as diverse as political science, biology, psychology, economics, linguistics, sociology, and computer science, among others. What has been missing is a relatively short introduction to the field covering the common basis that anyone with a professional interest in game theory is likely to require. Such a text would minimize notation, ruthlessly focus on essentials, and yet not sacrifice rigor. This Synthesis Lecture aims to fill this gap by providing a concise and accessible introduction to the field. It covers the main classes of games, their representations, and the main concepts used to analyze them.