Introduction To Plant Biotechnology

Plant biotechnology has created unprecedented opportunities for the manipulation of biological systems of plants. To understand biotechnology, it is essential to know the basic aspects of genes and their organization in the genome of plant cells. This text on the subject is aimed at students.

This book has been written to meet the needs of students for biotechnology courses at various levels of undergraduate and graduate studies. This book covers all the important aspects of plant tissue culture viz. nutrition media, micropropagation, organ culture, cell suspension culture, haploid culture, protoplast isolation and fusion, secondary metabolite production, somaclonal variation and cryopreservation. For good understanding of recombinant DNA technology, chapters on genetic material, organization of DNA in the genome and basic techniques involved in recombinant DNA technology have been added. Different aspects on rDNA technology covered gene cloning, isolation of plant genes, transposons and gene tagging, in vitro mutagenesis, PCR, molecular markers and marker assisted selection, gene transfer methods, chloroplast and mitochondrion DNA transformation, genomics and bioinformatics. Genomics covers functional and structural genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, sequencing status of different organisms and DNA chip technology. Application of biotechnology has been discussed as transgenics in crop improvement and impact of recombinant DNA technology mainly in relation to biotech crops.

Basics; Laboratory organization; Sterilization techniques; Nutrition medium; Choice of the explant; Plant tissue culture; Seed culture; Micropropagation- meristem culture; Micropropagation- axillary bud proliferation; Micropropagation- adventitious regeneration; Micropropagation- organogenesis; Micropropagation- embryogenesis; Cell suspension; Secondary metabolite production in a cell suspension culture; Anther culture; Protoplast isolation and fusion; Biotechnology; SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of proteins; Isolation of DNA from plant tissues; Isolation an purification of plasmid DNA; Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA; Agarose gel electrophoresis; Preparation of competent cells, transformation of E. coil with plasmid DNA and ligation of insert DNA to a vector; Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer; Biolistic method of transformation in plants; In vitro amplification of DNA by PCR: detection of transgenes; RAPD analysis; Microsatellite marker analysis; Southerm biotting; Southerm hybridization.

As the oldest and largest human intervention in nature, the science of agriculture is one of the most intensely studied practices. From manipulation of plant gene structure to the use of plants for bioenergy, biotechnology interventions in plant and agricultural science have been rapidly developing over the past ten years with immense forward leaps on an annual basis. This book begins by laying the foundations for plant biotechnology by outlining the biological aspects including gene structure and expression, and the basic procedures in plant biotechnology of genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. It then focuses on a discussion of the impacts of biotechnology on plant breeding technologies and germplasm sustainability. The role of biotechnology in the improvement of agricultural traits, production of industrial products and pharmaceuticals as well as biomaterials and biomass provide a historical perspective and a look to the future. Sections addressing intellectual property rights and sociological and food safety issues round out the holistic discussion of this important topic. Includes specific emphasis on the inter-relationships between basic plant biotechnologies and applied agricultural applications, and the way they contribute to each other Provides an updated review of the major plant biotechnology procedures and techniques, their impact on novel agricultural development and crop plant improvement Takes a broad view of the topic with discussions of practices in many countries

Biotechnology Is Gaining In Importance In The Modern World And Is Often Quoted As The Next Big Thing After Information Technology, Owing To Its Benefits To Man. It Has Enabled The Organisms To Become More Resistant To Disease, Influenced The Rate Of Fruit Ripening And Has Increased Productivity Of Crops, Thereby Solving The Global Problem Of Food Shortages. Accordingly, The Study Of Biotechnology Is Significant And Its Scope Is Vast As New Techniques Are Being Evolved Frequently.The Present Book Introduction To Biotechnology Is An Ideal Book For The Students Interested In Pursuing A Career In Biotechnology. With The Balanced Coverage Of Basic Molecular Biology, Historical Developments And Contemporary Applications, The Book Describes In Detail The Processes And Methods Used To Manipulate Living Organisms Or The Substances And Products From These Organisms For Medical, Agricultural And Industrial Purposes. It Acquaints The Readers With Genetic Engineering, Bioinformatics, Animal And Plant Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology, Bioethics And Biosafety. In Addition, The Book Provides A Glossary Of Terms And Select Bibliography Which Facilitate Easy Understanding And Further Reference.It Is Hoped That The Book Would Be Highly Useful For Both Undergraduates And Graduates, Teachers Of The Subject As Well As General Readers Interested In Biotechnology And Keen To Know The Latest Developments, Methods And Applications In This Arena.

In the past there were many attempts to change natural foodstuffs into high-value products. Cheese, bread, wine, and beer were pro duced, traditionally using microorganisms as biological tools. Later, people influenced the natural process of evolution by artificial selection. In the 19th century, observations regarding the depen dence of growth and reproduction on the nutrient supply led to the establishment of agricultural chemistry. Simultaneously, efforts were directed at defining the correlation between special forms of morphological differentiation and related biochemical processes. New experimental systems were developed after the discovery of phytohormones and their possible use as regulators of growth and differentiation. In these systems, intact plants or only parts of them are cultivated under axenic conditions. These methods, called "in vitro techniques", were introduced to modern plant breeding. In the field of basic research, plant cell cultures were increasingly developed and the correlations between biochemical processes and visible cell variations were explored further. It should be possible to manipulate the basic laws of regulation and the respective biochemi cal processes should be regarded as being independent of morpho logical processes of plant development.

Modern Applications of Plant Biotechnology in Pharmaceutical Sciences explores advanced techniques in plant biotechnology, their applications to pharmaceutical sciences, and how these methods can lead to more effective, safe, and affordable drugs. The book covers modern approaches in a practical, step-by-step manner, and includes illustrations, examples, and case studies to enhance understanding. Key topics include plant-made pharmaceuticals, classical and non-classical techniques for secondary metabolite production in plant cell culture and their relevance to pharmaceutical science, edible vaccines, novel delivery systems for plant-based products, international industry regulatory guidelines, and more. Readers will find the book to be a comprehensive and valuable resource for the study of modern plant biotechnology approaches and their pharmaceutical applications. Builds upon the basic concepts of cell and plant tissue culture and recombinant DNA technology to better illustrate the modern and potential applications of plant biotechnology to the pharmaceutical sciences Provides detailed yet practical coverage of complex techniques, such as micropropogation, gene transfer, and biosynthesis Examines critical issues of international importance and offers real-life examples and potential solutions