Job Satisfaction Scales For Effective Management

This book is a handbook for people who want to assure the use of reliable and valid questionnaires for collecting information about organizations. It significantly reduces the time and effort required for obtaining validated multi-question measures of aspects of organizational ‘health’ such as employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational justice, and workplace behaviors. It helps users in measuring some factors underlying employee perceptions of work such as job characteristics, role ambiguity or conflict, job stress, and the extent to which employees believe their values and those of the organization are congruent. All the measures in the book have been used and tested in research studies published in the 1990’s. In addition, all the measures describe the extent and types of reliability and validity tests that have been completed, a feature that organizational researchers should find particularly useful. All in all, this book is a handy tool to increase the efficiency of researchers, consultants, managers, or organizational development specialists in obtaining reliable and valid information about how employees view their jobs and organizations.

Job Satisfaction is the most frequently studied variable in organizational behavior research. This new book provides an overview of the vast literature on this topic. The nature of job satisfaction is discussed along with techniques for assessing job satisfaction including existing scales and new instruments. In addition, the book summarizes the findings concerning how people feel about workùincluding coverage of cultural and gender differences in job satisfaction. Possible reasons for job satisfactionùboth personal and organizationalùare explored as well. The book concludes with a discussion of the potential consequences of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Those using this volume for study or classroom purposes will particularly appreciate the extensive list of references and the Job Satisfaction Survey included in the Appendix. Job Satisfaction is written for professionals and students in business, management, organization studies, human resources, industrial psychology and public administration.

1.1 PREFACE : An organization, whether a business or an Industrial enterprise needs money, material, machinery and men for its survival and growth. The success or failure of an organization depends upon the effective combination of these factors. However, the management of ‘men’ means the employees of the organization. Their contribution towards organizational goal is well known to all, since pre-historic time to the most recent time. Whenever we talk about effectiveness and efficiency of an organization, we have to take a serious cognizance of employees as a major determining factor. Organizational effectiveness is critically dependant on how it attracts, recruits motivates and retains its work force. Today’s organizations need to be more flexible so that they are equipped to develop their workforce and enjoy their commitment. If we want an employee’s maximum contribution to work, he/she should be provided such a work environment where he/she will have a strong desire to work. The satisfied, happy and hard working employee is the biggest asset of any organization. The work force of any organization is responsible to a large extent for its productivity and profitability. The work environment has important bearing on the efficiency and satisfaction of the employees. A safe work environment provides the basis for a person to enjoy working. The work should not pose a health hazard for the person. Work performance is constantly affected by physical and psychological conditions of work. It is now increasingly realized that many work behavioural problems associated with performance, moral, absenteeism etc. can be solved with increasing awareness of improving the total work environment.

In this era of frequent corporate restructuring and rapid technological change, successful companies must have employees who are open to innovation and to changing roles, and are able to work together productively. Research shows that employees most likely to be adaptable, cooperative, and productive are those who are satisfied with their jobs. Therefore, it is essential that leaders of American business understand how to enhance job satisfaction within their organizations. In Job Satisfaction, top academic researchers in the field share state-of-the-art information on creating job satisfaction, its resulting benefits, and the risks of having too many employees who are dissatisfied with their jobs. As they show, job satisfaction is also an extremely useful predictor for management. An employee's level of job satisfaction is the single most important piece of data a manager or organizational psychologist can have to predict an employee's rate of absenteeism, decision to resign or retire, desire for union representation, or level of psychological withdrawal. Before they can enhance job satisfaction, managers must understand its components. Research demonstrates that an employee's level of satisfaction is based not only on events in the present and past, but also on his perceptions of the future. Foreseeing future opportunities for advancement, for increased pay, for participation in decision-making, or for networking lead to a high level of job satisfaction. In fact, the authors reveal, perceiving future opportunity can actually be more motivating than actually receiving a raise, getting promoted, or being given additional responsibilities. Job Satisfaction dispels the notion that jobstress necessarily leads to dissatisfaction, and shows how an organization should focus on increasing satisfaction rather than just reducing stress. It is especially important for managers to stimulate job satisfaction by improving their employees' sense of achievement through making tasks and their objectives clear, as well as giving feedback. Academics and managers alike will find Job Satisfaction a source of new and useful information for understanding and enhancing satisfaction on the job.

The aim of this book is to present elements of Mathematics as applied to Scientific and Engineering students whose main interest in the subject lie in finding the particular solution so rather than the general theory the book has been designed to source as the textbook of formal courses in Engineering Mathematics of B.Ed. and B.Tech. students of all Indian Universities. The subject matter has been discussed in a systematic way starting from basic concepts, keeping in mind the actual difficulties of students. Considerable more number of worked examples has been included in the text against each topic in all the chapters to make it more flexible. Contents: Vol. I: 1. Elementary Operations of the Matrices; 2. Eigen Vectors and Eigen Values; 3. Inverse and Adjoint of the Matrix; 4. Linear Equations Solution by the Matrices Method; 5. Integration and Differentiation of the Vectors; 6. Divergence, Curl and Gradient; 7. Multiple Vectors. Vol. II: 1. Moment of Inertia; 2. Multiple Integrals (Double and Triple Integrals and Change of Order of Integration); 3. Green s, Gauss s and Stoke s Theorem; 4. Fourier Series. Vol. III: 1. Mathematical Logics; 2. Set Theory; 3. Successive Differentiation; 4. Jacobians; 5. Partial Differentiation; 6. Theoretical Distributions; 7. Probability; 8. Correlation Analysis. Vol. IV: 1. Solution of Cubic Equations; 2. Difference Equations; 3. Transformation of Equations; 4. Solution of Biquadratic Equations. Vol. V: 1. Tabulation, Classification and Graphic Presentation; 2. Binomial and Normal Distributions; 3. Multinomial and Poisson Distributions; 4. Probability; 5. Regression and Correlation Analysis. Vol. VI: 1. Analytic Functions; 2. Calculus of Residues; 3. Complex Variable; 4. Zero of an Analytic Function; 5. Complex Integration.