Judicial Protection In Transnational Criminal Proceedings

​This book proposes and outlines a comprehensive framework for judicial protection in transnational criminal proceedings that ensures the right to judicial review without hampering the effective functioning of international cooperation in criminal matters. It examines a broad range of potential approaches in the context of selected national criminal justice systems, and offers a comparative analysis of EU Member States and non-Member States alike. The book particularly focuses on the differences between cooperation within the EU on the one hand and cooperation with third states on the other, and on the consequences of this distinction for the scope of judicial review.

This book considers the effectiveness and fairness of using international cooperation to obtain confession evidence or evidence of a suspect or accused person’s silence across borders. This is a question of balance in limiting and protecting the right to silence. The functioning of the applicable law in Denmark, England and Wales and Australia is analysed in relation to investigative and trial measures such as police questioning, administrative questioning powers, covert surveillance and the use of silence as evidence of guilt.On the national level, this work examines the way in which domestic rules balance the right to silence in national criminal proceedings, and whether investigative and trial rules produce continuity throughout the criminal proceedings as a whole. From the transnational perspective, comparative legal analysis is used to determine whether the national continuity may be disrupted to such an extent that cooperation in the gathering of confession evidence causes unfairness. From the international perspective, this research compares the right to silence under the ICCPR and the ECHR to identify the overall effect of cooperating under particular human rights frameworks on the question of balance.

The protection of fundamental rights in the field of transnational criminal inquiries is of great delicateness in the current tangled web of domestic and international legal sources. Due to this complex scenario, this research has been carried out from a four-level perspective. The first part provides a critical analysis of the multilevel systems of protecting fundamental rights from the perspective of supranational and constitutional case law, and in the field of international and organized crime. The second part focuses on EU judicial cooperation in three main fields: financial and serious organized crime, mutual recognition tools, and individual rights protection. The third part provides the perspectives of ten domestic legal systems in two fields, i.e., obtaining evidence abroad and cooperation with international criminal tribunals. The fourth part analyses cross-border inquiries in comparative law, providing a reconstruction of different models of obtaining evidence overseas.

Parties negotiating the end of authoritarian regimes or armed conflicts are almost inevitably left in a situation of legal uncertainty. Despite their overlapping scope of application, the differences between the approaches of International Criminal Law (ICL) and Transitional Justice (TJ) are so profound that, unless dogmatisms are left aside and a process of dialogue is entered into, it will not be possible to harmonize the current legal regime of international crimes with the need to articulate transitional processes that are capable of effectively overcoming authoritarian regimes and armed conflicts. The serious material limitations shown by national, international and hybrid ICL enforcement mechanisms should be acknowledged and the goals pursued by ICL should be redefined accordingly. A minimum level of consensus on the scope of application, goals and elements of TJ should also be reached. Situations of systematic or large scale violence against the civilian population by transnational criminal organizations increase the challenge.

These texts on the legitimacy of international courts were framed as a direct reaction to arguments put forward in the book "In Whose Name?" by Armin von Bogdandy und Ingo Venzke. The subjects ranged from a comparison between international organizations and international courts and how they can contribute to democratize international law to assessing the democratic legitimacy of international human rights courts. Therefore the collection is dealing with both theoretical and practical questions regarding the legitimacy of international courts and how such problems relate to fundamental problems of our times.

This volume discusses EU criminal justice from three perspectives. The first concerns fundamental rights following the adoption of the directives that have progressively reinforced the cornerstone of procedural rights of suspects and defendants in national criminal proceedings in the EU member states so as to facilitate judicial cooperation. The second perspective relates to transnational criminal investigations and proceedings, which are seen as a cross section of the current state of judicial cooperation in the area of freedom, security and justice, with the related issues of efficiency, coordination, settlement of conflicts of jurisdiction, and guarantees. The third perspective concerns the development of a supranational justice system in the light of the recently established European Public Prosecutor’s Office, whose European judicial nature still coexists with strong national components.

This comprehensive and versatile book covers both international criminal law and the application of US criminal law transnationally. It has chapters on each of the core crimes (aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes), as well as separate chapters on the international tribunals from Nuremberg on and the ICC. Other chapters treat modes of liability, defenses, crimes against women, and alternatives to criminal prosecution in post-conflict societies. Thus the book can be used for courses focusing entirely on international criminal law and accountability for core crimes. But it also covers US criminal law in transnational contexts, including money laundering, Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and terrorism. In addition, it includes chapters on extradition, evidence gathering abroad, comparative criminal procedure and comparative sentencing, and US constitutional rights abroad. Introductory chapters on the nature of international criminal law, transnational jurisdiction, and the basics of public international law make the book accessible to students with no prior background. New to the 3rd Edition: Recent developments in the international tribunals, including the Habré trial in the African Extraordinary Chamber Updates on post-Morrison jurisdictional developments and the treatment of jurisdiction in the Restatement (Fourth) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States Activation of the crime of aggression by the ICC; cyber-attacks as aggression Recent war crimes jurisprudence and the treatment of war crimes in the US Department of Defense Law of War Manual A thorough revision of the ICC chapter including the Lubanga sentencing decisions and the Comoros decision on gravity Recent ICC jurisprudence on modes of liability Latest FCPA prosecution standards New cases on immunities and extradition Professors and students will benefit from: Versatility: Can be used for courses on international criminal law, and also for courses on US criminal law applied across borders Self-contained introductory chapters on basic public international law, transnational jurisdiction, and the nature of criminal law Detailed treatment of “headline” issues including torture, terrorism, and war crimes Readable background on historical context Teaching materials include: Comprehensive teacher’s manual, including the authors’ own teaching notes Discussion problems

However, as it is part of the "Essentials of Canadian Law" series, a major goal of the book is to explore fully the nexus between these bodies of international law and Canadian domestic law--and help Canadian courts and lawyers engage successfully with the international aspects of the cases they work on. Accordingly, the book contains: a stand-alone chapter on the prosecution of international crimes before Canadian courts; a detailed examination of how the various transnational crime treaties are implemented in Canadian law; and a full chapter on Canadian extradition and mutual legal assistance law and practice.