Krithia

The noted historian’s decisive and devastating history of the WWI Battle of Gallipoli “sets a new standard for assessing the Allied Dardanelles campaign" (Mustafa Aksakal, American Historical Review). The Gallipoli campaign of 1915–16 was an ill-fated Allied attempt to take control of the Dardanelles, secure a sea route to Russia, and create a Balkan alliance against the Central Powers. A failure in all respects, the operation ended in disaster, and the Allied forces suffered some 390,000 casualties. In this conclusive study, military historian Robin Prior assesses the many myths about Gallipoli and provides definitive answers to questions that have lingered about the operation. Prior proceeds step by step through the campaign, dealing with naval, military, and political matters and surveying the operations of all the armies involved: British, Anzac, French, Indian, and Turkish. Relying on primary documents, including war diaries and technical military sources, Prior evaluates the strategy, the commanders, and the performance of soldiers on the ground. His conclusions are powerful and unsettling: the naval campaign was not “almost” won, and the land action was not bedeviled by “minor misfortunes.” Instead, the badly conceived Gallipoli campaign was doomed from the start. And even had it been successful, the operation would not have shortened the war by a single day. Despite their bravery, the Allied troops who fell at Gallipoli died in vain. A Wall Street Journal Best Book of 2009

“We had a look around, through periscopes, at the remains of recent fighting. The dead were on top, and we, the living, were below the general ground-level. The usual order of life and death were reversed.” So wrote Alec Riley in his account of an ordinary soldier in an extraordinary conflict, the Gallipoli campaign of 1915. A signaller with the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division, Riley was well placed to serve as an eyewitness to the sharp end of the campaign, being with the infantry but not of it. His task, and that of the small unit he served with and whose story he tells, was to maintain communications between the forward trenches and senior commanders in the rear, a conduit for at times unrealistic orders one way, and all-too-real situation reports the other. During his time on the peninsula, Riley kept meticulous notes, which form the basis of this account. He also took his camera to war, the resulting photos—some of which were used in the British official history of the campaign—flesh out his detailed story of life in and behind the lines. After four months on the peninsula, suffering from jaundice, septic sores and dysentery, Riley was evacuated sick, destined first for Mudros and then Blighty. He made sure to save his diary and camera. Although Gallipoli had done for Riley, Riley was not done with Gallipoli. Even while on the peninsula, he and his comrades had looked beyond the war. “We tried to imagine what the place would be like when the armies had gone. Achi Baba would be green again, the trenches would fall in and flatten; communication-trenches, through which thousands of men had passed, would be long and shallow depressions, and frogs and tortoises the only inhabitants of gully and nullah.” Remarkably, Alec Riley returned to find out, revisiting the peninsula at least twice. In 1930, he spent ten days wandering across the now overgrown fields of battle on a lone pilgrimage, revisiting places he knew intimately 15 years before. This pilgrimage, and a subsequent second visit, was intended to form the basis of a book, again illustrated with his trusty camera. Sadly, the original manuscript has been lost. But the editors have identified two extracts that appeared in print, which they present alongside a faithful transcript of Riley’s diary and notes. Also included is an unpublished introduction by General Sir Ian Hamilton, commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force of which Riley had been a small part, and with whom Riley had a decade-long correspondence. The editors of the diary, Michael Crane and Bernard de Broglio, have added copious footnotes and detailed biographical notes on the officers and men who come to life in Riley’s writings, as well as an order of battle and summary of arms for the 42nd Division at Gallipoli. Fourteen maps illustrate the actions, large and small, that Riley describes, alongside 47 black and white photographs, most showing the battlefield in 1915 and 1930. Gallipoli Diary 1915 will appeal to readers of WW1 and military history, but especially to those with an interest in the Gallipoli campaign. It will be bookended by two further diaries that record Alec Riley’s mobilisation and training in Egypt, and his time in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley. Collectively they offer a unique window into the experiences of a pre-war Territorial soldier, before, during and after Gallipoli.

Gallipoli tells of the disastrous campaign at Gallipoli in 1915 when the allies failed to knock Turkey out of the war. With then and now photographs the book provides detailed historical descriptions of the area and the events, all of which will appeal to the armchair historian and the intrepid visitor to the sites. It will prove an indispensable companion.

Following the success of British Battalions on the Somme, the author has produced a source book of the same quality on the Gallipoli Campaign. It has come about as a result of many years of enquiries from researchers and family historians.

Gardens of Hell examines the human side of one of the great tragedies of modern warfare, the Gallipoli campaign of the First World War. In February 1915, beginning with a naval attack on Turkey in the Dardanelles, a combined force of British, Australian, New Zealand, Indian, and French troops invaded the Gallipoli Peninsula only to face crushing losses and an ignominious retreat from what seemed a hopeless mission. Both sides in the battle suffered huge casualties, with a combined 127,000 servicemen killed during the action. Patrick Gariepy has pieced together the battle from combatantsÆ own words. Drawn from diaries and letters and from stories passed down through generations of families, these firsthand accounts offer an honest, heartfelt, and sometimes painful testimony to a doomed campaign fought by the men who lived through the fury, terror, and grief that was Gallipoli. Gardens of Hell is a sensitive acknowledgment of the enormous human cost of military folly and failure.

Explore the secret history of Colwyn Bay through a fascinating selection of stories, facts and photographs.

Charles Watkins sailed for the Dardanelles in 1915 with the 1/6th Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers. War, he said, was a welcome escape from hard labour in a Lancashire cotton mill. Fifty years later, he wrote his memoir, a ‘hotch-potch of Gallipoli memories.’ “In perpetrating this literary outrage, some apology is due. I could give many plausible excuses for recording moments of this disastrous campaign, but the real truth is the selfish pleasure I find in recalling one crowded hour of glorious life. It was my very good fortune to serve with a Lancashire Territorial Division. To the memory of those contumacious, argumentative, sentimental and lovable Lancashire lads — ‘Salud.’ No better comrades ever trod the field of battle …” “Students of military strategy and tactics had best throw this book away for they’ll learn nothing from it. In fact, I know even less of strategy and tactics than did the High-Ups who conducted the campaign. What’s more, a lowly private soldier sees very little of the larger picture of war — his own grubby little nose is always buried too deeply in his own particular patch of the dung-heap …” The Gallipoli Campaign is not short of operational histories, but few accounts get into the mind of the private soldier so successfully. “The trouble,” says Watkins, “is that most old soldiers develop a reluctance to talk — except perhaps after a few drinks, and when we seem, then, to get a little boastful and silly. At best, and when we are stone-sober, we feel we are merely a little boring to a new and unsympathetic generation. “So we clam-up. We leave it to the cold, clinical dissection of historians to record the battles, the victories … and the defeats. The live and vivid experiences of the soldiers themselves are seldom, if ever, recorded — which is a pity, for without these how can the atmosphere of the times themselves ever be made to come to life.” Lost Endeavour was published for ‘limited and private circulation’ in 1970, then again in 1982. For this modern edition, the editors have added a short biography of Watkins as an appendix, alongside several articles he wrote for the Gallipoli Association’s journal, ‘The Gallipolian’. For background and context, the editors include their notes on individuals, places and events mentioned by Watkins in the text. The reader will also find detail on the 6th Lancs Fusiliers at Helles — the battalion’s establishment, drafts and battle casualties, a timeline for May to December 1915, eight maps, and a Gallipoli roll of honour.