Language Links

This book examines the links that exist between science and language learning and teaching, helping teachers understand how language can support science and how to use science to develop children's language.

Hauptbeschreibung Linguistic autonomy, assured internationally to ethnic minorities, has succeeded, above all, in Europe, yet is nowhere near passing its acid test in other parts of the world. Examples show that it is not only a question of linguistic autonomy, but of ethnic and religious conflicts, which are simmering in the foreground. Hence, there are reasons for doubting whether international agreements designed to guarantee linguistic autonomy can solve these conflicts. The protection of indigenous languages is justified largely by the principle of diversity and is de.

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a vital part in the continued development of computer science and informatics. The AI applications employed in fields such as medicine, economics, linguistics, philosophy, psychology and logical analysis, not forgetting industry, are now indispensable for the effective functioning of a multitude of systems. This book presents the papers from the 20th biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2012, held in Montpellier, France, in August 2012. The ECAI conference remains Europe's principal opportunity for researchers and practitioners of Artificial Intelligence to gather and to discuss the latest trends and challenges in all subfields of AI, as well as to demonstrate innovative applications and uses of advanced AI technology. ECAI 2012 featured four keynote speakers, an extensive workshop program, seven invited tutorials and the new Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence track, in which six invited speakers delivered perspective talks on particularly interesting new research results, directions and trends in Artificial Intelligence or in one of its related fields. The proceedings of PAIS 2012 and the System Demonstrations Track are also included in this volume, which will be of interest to all those wishing to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of AI.

This volume unpacks an intriguing challenge for the field of media research: combining media research with the study of complex networks. Bringing together research on the small-world idea and digital culture it questions the assumption that we are separated from any other person on the planet by just a few steps, and that this distance decreases within digital social networks. The book argues that the role of languages is decisive to understand how people connect, and it looks at the consequences this has on the ways knowledge spreads digitally. This volume offers a first conceptual venue to analyse emerging phenomena at the innovative intersection of media and complex network research.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the CLEF Initiative, CLEF 2013, held in Valencia, Spain, in September 2013. The 32 papers and 2 keynotes presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers are organized in topical sections named: evaluation and visualization; multilinguality and less-resourced languages; applications; and Lab overviews.

The two-volume set LNCS 10569 and LNCS 10570 constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, WISE 2017, held in Puschino, Russia, in October 2017. The 49 full papers and 24 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 195 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as microblog data analysis, social network data analysis, data mining, pattern mining, event detection, cloud computing, query processing, spatial and temporal data, graph theory, crowdsourcing and crowdsensing, web data model, language processing and web protocols, web-based applications, data storage and generator, security and privacy, sentiment analysis, and recommender systems.

This volume contains the papers presented at NLDB 2009, the 14th Inter- tional Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems held June 24–26, 2009, at the University of the Saarland and the German - search Center for Arti?cial Intelligence in Saarbruc ̈ ken, Germany. In addition to reviewed submissions, the program also included contributions to the doctoral symposiumheldduring NLDB2009aswellastwoinvitedtalks.Thesetalksc- ered some of the currently hot topics in the use of natural languagefor accessing information systems. Wereceived51submissionsasregularpapersforthemainconference,2extra submissions as posters, and 3 short papers for the doctoral symposium. Each paper for the main conference was assigned four reviewers, taking into account preferences expressed by the ProgramCommittee members as much as possible. Within the review deadline, we received at least three reviews for almost all submissions. After the review deadline, the Conference Organizing Committee members and the Program Committee Chair acted as meta-reviewers. This task included studying the reviews and the papers, speci?cally those whose assessment made them borderline cases, and discussing con?icting opinions and their impact on theassessmentofindividualpapers.Finally,themeta-reviewerswroteadditional reviews for the few papers which received less than three reviews, as well as for papers which received reviews with considerably con?icting assessments.