Learning F Functional Data Structures And Algorithms

Most books on data structures assume an imperative language like C or C++. However, data structures for these languages do not always translate well to functional languages such as Standard ML, Haskell, or Scheme. This book describes data structures from the point of view of functional languages, with examples, and presents design techniques so that programmers can develop their own functional data structures. It includes both classical data structures, such as red-black trees and binomial queues, and a host of new data structures developed exclusively for functional languages. All source code is given in Standard ML and Haskell, and most of the programs can easily be adapted to other functional languages. This handy reference for professional programmers working with functional languages can also be used as a tutorial or for self-study.

Learn functional data structures and algorithms for your applicationsAbout This Book*Moving from object-oriented programming to functional programming? This book will help you get started with functional programming.*Easy-to-understand explanations of practical topics will help you get started with functional data structures.*Get hands-on practice of Scala and Clojure to get the most out of functional programming.Who This Book Is ForThis book is for those who have some experience in functional programming languages. The data structures in this book are written in Scala and Clojure, but the users of other functional languages will also be able to use the algorithms and benefit from the book.What You Will Learn*Understand common data structures and the associated algorithms, as well as the context in which they are commonly used*Take a look at the runtime and space complexities with the O notation*Get an understanding of the traditional/imperative Java implementation*Grasp the purely functional version in Scala and Clojure*Get hands-on practice with the concepts of Scala and Clojure*See how Scala and Clojure data structures are implemented*Explore the basic themes of immutability, structural sharing, lazy evaluation, and recursion, as well as how they work together*Gain Scala and Clojure best practices and idiomsIn DetailFunctional data structures have the power to improve the codebase of an application and improve efficiency. With the advent of functional programming and with powerful functional languages such as Scala and Clojure becoming part of important enterprise applications, functional data structures have gained an important place in the developer toolkit. There are powerful algorithms that you can use and benefit from once they are written in the functional paradigm.This book covers all the major algorithms to improve your understanding of functional programming and data structures. It begins with a refresher and consolidation of what functional programming is and you'll get a taste of it in Scala and Clojure. Next, you'll get to know about the concept of cons and how structural sharing makes immutable data structures efficient and practical. You will learn to implement algorithms with arrays and we will also take a look at VList using Scala and Clojure.You will also see various techniques to write functional data structures and will discover how to deal with original data structures such as lists, queues, heaps, and so on. We will go into detail about lazy evaluation for these data structures.By the end of the book, you will be able to write efficient functional data structures and algorithms for your applications.

Learn functional data structures and algorithms for your applications and bring their benefits to your work now About This Book Moving from object-oriented programming to functional programming? This book will help you get started with functional programming. Easy-to-understand explanations of practical topics will help you get started with functional data structures. Illustrative diagrams to explain the algorithms in detail. Get hands-on practice of Scala to get the most out of functional programming. Who This Book Is For This book is for those who have some experience in functional programming languages. The data structures in this book are primarily written in Scala, however implementing the algorithms in other functional languages should be straight forward. What You Will Learn Learn to think in the functional paradigm Understand common data structures and the associated algorithms, as well as the context in which they are commonly used Take a look at the runtime and space complexities with the O notation See how ADTs are implemented in a functional setting Explore the basic theme of immutability and persistent data structures Find out how the internal algorithms are redesigned to exploit structural sharing, so that the persistent data structures perform well, avoiding needless copying. Get to know functional features like lazy evaluation and recursion used to implement efficient algorithms Gain Scala best practices and idioms In Detail Functional data structures have the power to improve the codebase of an application and improve efficiency. With the advent of functional programming and with powerful functional languages such as Scala, Clojure and Elixir becoming part of important enterprise applications, functional data structures have gained an important place in the developer toolkit. Immutability is a cornerstone of functional programming. Immutable and persistent data structures are thread safe by definition and hence very appealing for writing robust concurrent programs. How do we express traditional algorithms in functional setting? Won't we end up copying too much? Do we trade performance for versioned data structures? This book attempts to answer these questions by looking at functional implementations of traditional algorithms. It begins with a refresher and consolidation of what functional programming is all about. Next, you'll get to know about Lists, the work horse data type for most functional languages. We show what structural sharing means and how it helps to make immutable data structures efficient and practical. Scala is the primary implementation languages for most of the examples. At times, we also present Clojure snippets to illustrate the underlying fundamental theme. While writing code, we use ADTs (abstract data types). Stacks, Queues, Trees and Graphs are all familiar ADTs. You will see how these ADTs are implemented in a functional setting. We look at implementation techniques like amortization and lazy evaluation to ensure efficiency. By the end of the book, you will be able to write efficient functional data structures and algorithms for your applications. Style and approach Step-by-step topics will help you get started with functional programming. Learn by doing with hands-on code snippets that give you practical experience of the subject.

F# is a multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming language properties. The F# functional programming language enables developers to write simple code to solve complex problems. Starting with the fundamental concepts of F# and functional programming, this book will walk you through basic problems, helping you to write functional and maintainable code. Using easy-to-understand examples, you will learn how to design data structures and algorithms in F# and apply these concepts in real-life projects. The book will cover built-in data structures and take you through enumerations and sequences. You will gain knowledge about stacks, graph-related algorithms, and implementations of binary trees. Next, you will understand the custom functional implementation of a queue, review sets and maps, and explore the implementation of a vector. Finally, you will find resources and references that will give you a comprehensive overview of F# ecosystem, helping you to go beyond the fundamentals.

This book describes data structures and data structure design techniques for functional languages.

Abstract: "When a C programmer needs an efficient data structure for a particular problem, he or she can often simply look one up in any of a number of good textbooks or handbooks. Unfortunately, programmers in functional languages such as Standard ML or Haskell do not have this luxury. Although some data structures designed for imperative languages such as C can be quite easily adapted to a functional setting, most cannot, usually because they depend in crucial ways on assignments, which are disallowed, or at least discouraged, in functional languages. To address this imbalance, we describe several techniques for designing functional data structures, and numerous original data structures based on these techniques, including multiple variations of lists, queues, double-ended queues, and heaps, many supporting more exotic features such as random access or efficient catenation. In addition, we expose the fundamental role of lazy evaluation in amortized functional data structures. Traditional methods of amortization break down when old versions of a data structure, not just the most recent, are available for further processing. This property is known as persistence, and is taken for granted in functional languages. On the surface, persistence and amortization appear to be incompatible, but we show how lazy evaluation can be used to resolve this conflict, yielding amortized data structures that are efficient even when used persistently. Turning this relationship between lazy evaluation and amortization around, the notion of amortization also provides the first practical techniques for analyzing the time requirements of non-trivial lazy programs. Finally, our data structures offer numerous hints to programming language designers, illustrating the utility of combining strict and lazy evaluation in a single language, and providing non-trivial examples using polymorphic recursion and higher-order, recursive modules."

This text is intended for the one-term course in data structures with the following prerequisites: mastery of a high-level programming language, preferably Pascal, and finite or discrete mathematics. Each basic concept is introduced first through numerous examples and followed by advanced material allowing maximum flexibility in structuring the course. Through the use of data structures, the author has included coverage of the following related topics: recursion, pattern recognition, and dynamic programming. Extensive examples, over 300 exercises, 400 figures and tables, and 80 working algorithms contribute to student learning.

This textbook explains the concepts and techniques required to write programs that can handle large amounts of data efficiently. Project-oriented and classroom-tested, the book presents a number of important algorithms supported by examples that bring meaning to the problems faced by computer programmers. The idea of computational complexity is also introduced, demonstrating what can and cannot be computed efficiently so that the programmer can make informed judgements about the algorithms they use. Features: includes both introductory and advanced data structures and algorithms topics, with suggested chapter sequences for those respective courses provided in the preface; provides learning goals, review questions and programming exercises in each chapter, as well as numerous illustrative examples; offers downloadable programs and supplementary files at an associated website, with instructor materials available from the author; presents a primer on Python for those from a different language background.