Maritime Transport Security

Maritime Transport Security offers a multidisciplinary framework and a comparative analysis of maritime transport security policies and practices in several key countries. Policy makers and industry stakeholders have established a set of interna

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability to terrorist attack of all modes of transportation. Port security has emerged as a significant part of the overall debate on U.S. homeland security. The U.S. maritime system consists of more than 300 sea and river ports with more than 3,700 cargo and passenger terminals. However, a large fraction of maritime cargo is concentrated at a few major ports. Most ships calling at U.S. ports are foreign owned with foreign crews. Container ships have been the focus of much of the attention on seaport security because they are particularly vulnerable to terrorist infiltration. More than 6 million marine containers enter U.S. ports each year. While the Customs Service analyses cargo information to target specific shipments for closer inspection, it physically inspects only about 2 per cent of the containers. This new book examines the security legislation, which can have significant implications for public safety, the war on terrorism, the U.S. and global economy and federal, state and local homeland security responsibilities. Contents: Introduction; Concerns for Port Security; Features of the U.S. Mariti

Placing special emphasis on the significant security issues associated with modern container international transport, this book provides in-depth exploration of both United States and European Union port and shipping policy, alongside that of wider international trade. The authors take an original and topical look at the security initiatives introduced by the USA and their impact in the EU. Based on original research by renowned experts in the field, this book provides vital insight for academics, government policy-makers and practitioners.

Intermodal Maritime Security: Supply Chain Risk Mitigation offers every stakeholder involved in international transactions the tools needed to assess the essential risks, threats and vulnerabilities within the global supply chain. The book examines the role intermodal maritime transportation plays in global security, surveying its critical policies, procedures, operations, infrastructure and systems. Linking new technological standards with intermodal operations, this book provides the foundational knowledge readers need, including transportation and maritime trade students, researchers, practitioners and regulatory agencies. Blends academic knowledge with real-world experiences Drawn from subject matter experts in academia, importers and exporters, transportation firms, and trade intermediaries Breadth of multidisciplinary coverage from maritime supply chains, port and maritime operations, as well as cyber and physical security

Managing the ever-changing nature and cross-disciplinary challenges of the maritime sector demands a complete understanding of the special characteristics of the maritime space. The complexity of the operations of ships, ports, shipping companies, and naval and coast guard maritime security operations as well as the economic significance and the in

This handbook provides the regulated maritime community with guidance for understanding and complying with the extensive new U.S. security requirements. This reference contains legal analysis of the new Coast Guard security regulations, as well as the text of maritime security legislation enacted by Congress. As of July 1, 2004, vessel owners and operators must ensure their vessels are operating in compliance with these new vessel security requirements.

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 heightened awareness about the vulnerability to terrorist attack of all modes of transportation. Port security has emerged as a significant part of the overall debate on US homeland security. The overarching issues for Congress are providing oversight on current port security programs and making or responding to proposals to improve port security. The US maritime system consists of more than 300 sea and river ports with more than 3,700 cargo and passenger terminals. However, a large fraction of maritime cargo is concentrated at a few major ports. Most ships calling at US ports are foreign owned with foreign crews. Container ships have been the focus of much of the attention on seaport security because they are seen as vulnerable to terrorist infiltration. More than 9 million marine containers enter US ports each year. While the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) analyses cargo and other information to target specific shipments for closer inspection, it physically inspects only a small fraction of the containers. The Coast Guard and CBP are the federal agencies with the strongest presence in seaports. In response to September 11, 2001, the Coast Guard created the largest port-security operation since World War II. The Coast Guard has advanced its 24- hour Notice of Arrival (NOA) for ships to a 96-hour NOA. The NOA allows Coast Guard officials to select high risk ships for boarding upon their arrival at the entrance to a harbor. CBP has also advanced the timing of cargo information it receives from ocean carriers. Through the Container Security Initiative (CSI) program, CBP inspectors pre-screen U.S.-bound marine containers at foreign ports of loading. The Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) offers importers expedited processing of their cargo if they comply with CBP measures for securing their entire supply chain. To raise port security standards, Congress passed the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-295) in November 2002. The focus of debate in Congress has been about whether current efforts to improve port security are adequate in addressing the threat. While many agree that Coast Guard and CBP programs to address the threat are sound, they contend that these programs represent only a framework for building a maritime security regime, and that significant gaps in security still remain.