Marjorie Harris Carr

Marjorie Harris Carr (1915-1997) is best known for leading the fight against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Cross Florida Barge Canal. In this first full-length biography, Peggy Macdonald corrects many long-held misapprehensions about the self-described “housewife from Micanopy,” who struggled to balance career and family with her husband, Archie Carr, a pioneering conservation biologist. Born in Boston, Carr grew up in southwest Florida, exploring marshes and waterways and observing firsthand the impact of unchecked development on the state’s flora and fauna. Macdonald’s work depicts a determined woman and Phi Beta Kappa scholar who earned undergraduate and graduate degrees in zoology only to see her career thwarted by institutionalized gender discrimination. Carr launched her conservation career in the 1950s while raising five children and eventually became one of the century’s leading environmental activists. A series of ecological catastrophes in the 1960s placed Florida in the vanguard of the burgeoning environmental revolution as the nation’s developing eco-consciousness ushered in a wave of revolutionary legislation. With Carr serving as one of the most effective leaders of a powerful contingent of citizen activists who opposed dredging a canal across the state, “Free the Ocklawaha” became a rallying cry for environmentalists throughout the country. Marjorie Harris Carr is an intimate look at this remarkable woman who dedicated her life to conserving Florida’s wildlife and wild places. It is also a revelation of how the grassroots battle to save a small but vitally important river in central Florida transformed the modern environmental movement.

Florida is lucky to have had three women — three Marjories — speaking out about saving Florida's natural environment. Marjory Stoneman Douglas is known as the “Mother of the Everglades.” She wrote The Everglades: River of Grass, the seminal and now classic book on this unique region of south Florida. She was a tireless campaigner for the environment and helped make the Everglades a national park. Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings is best known for her books set in Florida: The Yearling, Cross Creek, and South Moon Under, all set in the then-remote wilderness of central Florida. Her very popular books brought the world's attention to the importance of the culture and natural environment of this region. Marjorie Harris Carr fought to save the Oklawaha River by challenging the building of the Cross Florida Barge Canal. She argued that this would cut the ecology of the state in two, particularly ruinous for the wildlife. Now there is the Marjorie Harris Carr Cross Florida Greenway, which serves as a bridge for wildlife through developed areas and over I-75.

Archie Carr (1909-1987), the eminent naturalist, writer, and conservationist, was particularly entranced by the wildlife and ecosystems of Florida, where he lived for more than 50 years. This book - which includes some of his essays - is full of details and anecdotes about the flora, fauna, and humans that have inhabited Florida's colourful landscape.

For centuries, men dreamed of cutting a canal across the Florida peninsula. Intended to reduce shipping times, it was championed in the early twentieth century as a way to make the mostly rural state a center of national commerce and trade. Rejected by the Army Corps of Engineers as "not worthy," the project received continued support from Florida legislators. Federal funding was eventually allocated and work began in the 1930s, but the canal quickly became a lightning rod for controversy. Steven Noll and David Tegeder trace the twists and turns of the project through the years, drawing on a wealth of archival and primary sources. Far from being a simplistic morality tale of good environmentalists versus evil canal developers, the story of the Cross Florida Barge Canal is a complex one of competing interests amid the changing political landscape of modern Florida. Thanks to the unprecedented success of environmental citizen activists, construction was halted in 1971, though it took another twenty years for the project to be canceled. Though the land intended for the canal was deeded to the state and converted into the Cross Florida Greenway, certain aspects of the dispute--including the fate of Rodman Reservoir--have yet to be resolved.

In Saving Florida, Leslie Kemp Poole casts new light on the women at the forefront of Florida’s environmental movement. From creating parks to protesting air pollution, fighting dredge-and-fill operations, and exposing the health dangers of pesticides, these women caused unprecedented changes in how the Sunshine State values its many and marvelous natural resources. At the beginning of the twentieth century women didn’t have the vote, but by the end of the century they were founding issue-specific groups, like Friends of the Everglades, and running state and federal agencies, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. They set the foundation for the next century’s environmental agenda, which came to include the idea of sustainable development, which meshes ecology and economy to enhance energy efficiency and the function of natural systems. This is an indispensable history that not only underscores the importance of women in the environmental movement but also shows how as a collective force they forever altered how others saw women’s roles in society.

Many Floridas: Women Envisioning Change began with a group feminist researchers, teachers, advocates and activists in Florida, long isolated and marginalized in small, under-funded and under-valued departments, programs and organizations, who worked together to form the Florida Consortium for Women’s and Gender Studies (FCWGS). The essays in this collection report on the status of women in Florida, discuss service-learning as a feminist pedagogy, describe graduate student’s research on issues concerning women in Florida, and debate the value and consequences of internationalizing Women’s Studies. This collection of feminist papers, originally presented at the inaugural Florida Consortium for Women’s and Gender Studies conference in April, 2006, reflects the deeper meaning of its title. Each of the authors write from the standpoint of various intersections of class, race, ethnicity, age, sexuality and profession, and it is from these unique social locations that they dare to envision change. "Everyone talks about bridging the gap between theory and practice, but the Florida Consortium for Women’s and Gender Studies (FCWGS) is actually walking the talk. Their work represents an exportable product! I immediately envisioned feminist academics in every state developing similar consortia to bring the concerns of everyday women into the heart of the academy. Women’s and Gender Studies Departments/Programs represent the gold standard for interdisciplinary and culturally-diverse studies. Yet, despite the fact that virtually every university and college stresses the value of interdisciplinary studies and a culturally-diverse curriculum, all too few academic institutions adequately fund and support their Women’s and Gender Studies Departments/Programs. Were Women’s and Gender Studies Departments/Programs amply staffed and financially supported, their faculty members and students could engage in the kind of meaningful service-learning initiatives and outreach activities described in Many Floridas." -Rosemarie Tong, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor for Health Care Ethics, Affiliate Professor of Women’s Studies, Director, Center for Professional and Applied Ethics "This new collection responds to that clarion call by addressing the local and the global by interrupting and inserting unique voices within and outside of the classroom, making meaningful and durable connections between the educational institution and the community. In this cultural moment, where the struggles between and among communities, resources, and institutions multiply, it is vital that we push for nuanced conversations, courageous inquiry, and responsible suggestions. This collection is an exemplary model of transformative conversations; the kind of conversations that I hope are manifesting locally and globally." -Orathai Northern, PhD, Visiting Instructor, University of South Florida Lakeland

Photojournalists Bob and Liz Randall spent two years exploring Florida's ancient and enchanting Ocklawaha River. Their journey provides an inside look at the rich recreational resources of the river, its wildlife and the people, past and present, who contributed to its history and welfare. Along the way, they met artists, environmentalists, captains, law enforcement officials, conservationists, filmmakers, historians and local descendants whose lives are inextricably intertwined with the prehistoric river. From its subterranean and aquatic past to the Seminole Indian Wars, the steamboat era and political struggles, many voices are integral to the river's survival and to one of the longest environmental conflicts in Florida history.

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