Metal Data

This thesis is focused on empirical examinations of commodity derivatives. Commodity futures and options are very important for companies in hedging their commodity price risks. Financial institutions participate also in commodity derivative markets either to gain exposure to commodity prices, diversify their portfolios, or hedge commodity price risk from financial transactions. But also retail investors have been more and more interested in commodity investments for some years. Because of their limited access to commodity markets, they have to rely on special commodity SFPs issued by banks. However, in contrast to derivatives with standard underlyings, such as stocks or bonds, there are various specific aspects to commodity derivatives. Especially interesting from academic as well as practitioners’ point of view are the pricing relations between spot and derivative prices, which are closely linked to market fundamentals. But also from the financialization of commodity markets arise several subjects which require scientific examination. I identify in this thesis several unresolved research questions on commodity futures, options, and SFPs. This way it is possible to offer insights in derivative markets for industrial companies, financial institutions, and retail investors alike.

A Critical Review of Equilibrium Data for Proton- and Metal Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2,2'-Bipyridyl and Related Compounds is a compilation of acidity constants for the 1,10-phenanthrolinium and 2,2'-bipyridinium ions and their derivatives, as well as stability constants for metal complexes formed by the conjugate bases of these. These equilibrium data are critically examined. This monograph includes values determined in non-aqueous or mixed solvents, as well as those for a large number of ""mixed"" metal complexes incorporating these bases and a second ligand. The survey also contains known values for the enthalpies and entropies of formation for the proton- and metal-ion complexes. The compilation indicates the conditions under which the equilibrium constants apply and the methods by which they were determined. The acid-base properties of the compounds are represented by the acidity constant of the phenanthrolinium or bipyridinium ion expressed as a pK value. Nearly all the values listed were obtained either potentiometrically or spectrophotometrically, both of which depend fundamentally on measurements of pH or hydrogen-ion concentration. This book will be of value to chemists.

The dissociation energies and ionization potentials of gaseous monoxides and dioxides of some metals are surveyed, and best values for these quantities are given. In addition, a survey is made of the kinetic data for the formation and destruction of these species and the results are tabulated. The relationship of these quantities to atmospheric composition is discussed, and it is shown that monoxide ions are converted to metal ions very quickly by reaction with atomic oxygen. (Author).

This report contains evaluated machining information for beryllium which has been extracted from many sources. Machining data are tabulated and presented in chart form for the following processes: turning, milling, drilling, band sawing, grinding, boring, trepanning, reaming, routing, tapping, electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, and chemical machining. Also included is a general comment section dealing with the problems associated with beryllium machining, such as twinning, microcracking, toxicity, chipout and spalling, and cutting fluids. (Author).