Methods To Reduce Traffic Crashes Involving Deer

More than 1.5 million traffic crashes involving deer occur each year in the U.S. These crashes produce $1.1 billion in vehicle damage & 150 fatalities annually. Deer-related crashes are increasing as both deer populations & vehicular travel increase. Many methods have been used in attempts to reduce deer crashes, often with little scientific foundation & limited evaluation. This paper summarizes the methods & reviews the evidence of their effectiveness & the situations in which each may be useful. The only widely accepted method with evidence of effectiveness is well-designed & maintained fencing, with underpasses or overpasses as appropriate. Other methods using advanced technology require substantial additional research & evaluation.

This book examines a wide range of issues related to traffic accidents including prevention, safety, prediction, precipitation, mitigation, and related law enforcement issues.

NCHRP synthesis 370 examines the extent to which data from animal-vehicle collision accident reports and animal carcass counts are collected, analyzed, and used throughout the United States and Canada.

This book considers a number of problems posed by ungulates and their management in Europe. Through a synthesis of the underlying biology and a comparison of the management techniques adopted in different countries, the book explores which management approaches seem effective - and in which circumstances. Experts in a number of different areas of applied wildlife biology review various management problems and alternative solutions, including the impact of large ungulates on agriculture, forestry and conservation habitats, the impact of disease and predation on ungulate populations and the involvement of ungulates in road traffic accidents and possible measures for mitigation. This book is directed at practising wildlife managers, those involved in research to improve methods of wildlife management, and policy-makers in local, regional and national administrations.

It is a pleasure to present you the proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Automotive Lighting, which takes place in Darmstadt on September 25-27, 2017. This conference is the document of a series of successful conferences since the first PAL-conference in 1995 and shows the latest innovative potentials of the automotive industry in the application of lighting technologies.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a unique overview of the impacts of railways on biodiversity, integrating the existing knowledge on the ecological effects of railways on wildlife, identifying major knowledge gaps and research directions and presenting the emerging field of railway ecology. The book is divided into two major parts: Part one offers a general review of the major conceptual and theoretical principles of railway ecology. The chapters consider the impacts of railways on wildlife populations and concentrate on four major topics: mortality, barrier effects, species invasions and disturbances (ranging from noise to chemical pollution). Part two focuses on a number of case studies from Europe, Asia and North America written by an international group of experts.