Microanatomy And Function Of The Spleen

5 Function of Splenic Compartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5. 1 Splenic White Pulp Compartments during Primary T Cell-Dependent Antibody Responses against Protein Antigens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5. 1. 1 Priming of CD4+ Helper T Cells by Dendritic Cells in the PALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5. 1. 1. 1 5. 1. 2 Interaction of Primed CD4+ T Cells with Antigen-Specific B Cells in the PALS and Formation of Extrafollicular Foci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5. 1. 2. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5. 1. 3 Formation of Germinal Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5. 1. 3. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5. 1. 4 Localisation of Memory B Cells in the Marginal Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 5. 1. 4. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5. 2 Function of the Marginal Zone during Primary Antibody Responses against T Cell-Independent Type 2 Antigens . . . . . . . . 57 5. 2. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Function of the Red Pulp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5. 3 5. 3. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5. 4 Role of the Spleen in CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 5. 4. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 The Spleen, Natural Killer Cells 5. 5 and Gamma/Delta T Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5. 5. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6 Recirculation of Lymphocytes Through the Spleen . . 65 6. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 7 The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in the Development of Splenic Compartments . . . . . . 69 7. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 8 Unsolved Problems of Human Splenic Structure and Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 VI 8. 1 Arterial Blood Supply to the Splenic Follicles and to the Perifollicular Zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 . . . . 8. 1. 1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 8.

In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition, a panel of distinguished clinical researchers from around the world takes stock of the wealth of new knowledge about the human spleen and applies it to the pathology and treatment of splenic diseases. This much enriched understanding encompasses the spleen's complex role in immunological defense, the recently defined function of particulate filtration by the spleen, and the structural basis for the functions of the spleen, most particularly the microvasculature around which it is organized. Among the diseases and disorders of the spleen considered in detail are splenomegaly, the consequences and management of hyper- and hyposplenism, and "dilutional anemia." Recent advances in splenic surgery are also reviewed, especially those techniques intended to preserve at least partial function while removing the greater part of the organ.

The definitive illustrated resource on the surgical management of infants and children -- with an emphasis on operative technique Operative Pediatric Surgery, Second Edition is a comprehensive, well-illustrated text that delivers expert coverage of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric surgical disease. This detailed single-volume resource is enhanced by numerous drawings, radiographs, and photographs that illustrate the authors’ preferred operative techniques. Wherever appropriate, diagnostic and care guidelines are also included. Operative Pediatric Surgery, Second Edition is divided into 11 sections that include a total of 100 chapters. The book opens with an informative General Principles section that provides important background information on topics such as the history of pediatric surgery, ethical considerations, pediatric surgical critical care, and office-based ambulatory surgery. The rest of the text is organized primarily by organ, enhanced by a timely section on solid organ transplantation. In this Second Edition, each chapter author has thoroughly updated and refreshed their topic, and in many instances, minimally invasive operative techniques are included with open approaches. There are also exciting new chapters on: Hypospadias Vesicoureteral reflux Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas Gastrointestinal polyps and cancer Adolescent bariatric surgery Operative Pediatric Surgery will prove to be an essential reference for pediatric surgeons seeking optimal diagnosis and treatment approaches for their patients.

The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms.

Three Dimensional Microanatomy of Cells and Tissue Surfaces focuses on the use of scanning electron microscopy in the study of the microanatomy of cells and tissues, cell relationships, and complex biological relationships. The selection first elaborates on the technical aspects of stereoprojection for electron microscopy; three-dimensional microanatomy of intracellular structures; microcirculation studies by the injection-replica method with special reference to portal circulations; and three-dimensional architecture of the mammalian liver. Discussions focus on the preparation of vascular casts, portal circulations of various organs, scanning electron microscopy, copying and printing stereopair negatives, stereoprojection, and high voltage electron microscopy. The text then takes a look at scanning electron microscope bloodvessel casts analysis, three dimensional microanatomy of reticular tissues, kidney glomerular epithelium in response to different physiological states and experimental conditions, and mammalian renal papilla and pelvis. The manuscript examines the lung in scanning electron microscopy and stereopresentation, surface topography of endocardial endothelium, scanning electron microscopy of endothelium, human vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, and dynamic morphology of the apical membrane of lactating cells viewed by freeze-fracture. The selection is a valuable reference for researchers interested in the use of scanning electron microscopy in the study of the microanatomy of cells and tissues and biological relationships.

Human Microanatomy is a comprehensive histology text that analyzes human structure and function from the subcellular to organ level of organization. In addition to emphasizing medically relevant information, each chapter considers developmental and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy while also using celebrity medical histories to help provide real-world context for accompanying descriptions of normal histology. The book is richly illustrated with over 1400 full-color micrographs and drawings assembled into cohesive groupings with detailed captions to help elucidate key histological concepts. Text illustrations are further supplemented by hundreds of other light and electron micrographs available in a free digital atlas covering a broad spectrum of microanatomy. Each text chapter also includes a preview, pictorial summary, and self-study quiz to highlight and review essential elements of histology. By incorporating features like medical histories, biological correlates, and various study aids, Human Microanatomy provides an appealing and informative treatment of histology for readers who are interested in the structural bases of cell, tissue, and organ functioning. KEY FEATURES: Uses celebrity medical histories to help provide context for descriptions of normal histology Supplements medically relevant information with developmental and evolutionary correlates of microanatomy Contains 1400+ full-color micrographs and drawings that illustrate a wide range of histological features Offers free access to an ancillary online atlas with hundreds of additional light and electron micrographs Includes helpful study aids such as chapter previews, pictorial summaries, and self-study quizzes Presents a novel and comprehensive account of the structure and function of human cells, tissues, and organs