Microarray Innovations

In recent years, high-density DNA microarrays have revolutionized biomedical research and drug discovery efforts by the pharmaceutical industry. Their efficacy in identifying and prioritizing drug targets based on their ability to confirm a large number of gene expression measurements in parallel has become a key element in drug discovery. Microarr

This organized text compiles, for the first time, the most useful normalization methods developed for interpreting microarray data. Experts examine the mathematical processes that are important in normalizing data and avoiding inherent systematic biases. They also review modern software, including discussions on key algorithms, comparative data, and download locations. The book contains the latest microarray innovations from companies such as Agilent, Affymetrix, and GeneGo as well as new, readily adaptable normalization methods for expression and CGH arrays. It also lists of open-source molecular profiling normalization algorithms available and where to access them.

Ithasbeenstatedthatourknowledgedoublesevery20years,butthatmaybe an understatement when considering the Life Sciences. A series of discoveries and inventions have propelled our knowledge from the recognition that DNA isthegeneticmaterialtoabasicmolecularunderstandingofourselvesandthe living world around us in less than 50 years. Crucial to this rapid progress was thediscoveryofthedouble-helicalstructureofDNA,whichlaidthefoundation forallhybridizationbasedtechnologies. Thediscoveriesofrestrictionenzymes, ligases, polymerases, combined with key innovations in DNA synthesis and sequencing ushered in the era of biotechnologyas a new science with profound sociological and economic implications that are likely to have a dominating in?uence on the development of our society during this century. Given the process by which science builds on prior knowledge, it is perhaps unfair to single out a few inventions and credit them with having contributed most to thisavalancheofknowledge. Yet,therearesurelysomethatwillberecognized as having had a more profound impact than others, not just in the furthering of our scienti?c knowledge, but by leveraging commercial applications that provide a tangible return to our society. The now famous Polymerase Chain Reaction, or PCR, is surely one of those, as it has uniquely catalyzed molecular biology during the past 20 years, and continues to have a signi?cant impact on all areas that involve nucleic acids, ranging from molecular pathology to forensics. Ten years ago micro- ray technology emerged as a new and powerful tool to study nucleic acid - quences in a highly multiplexed manner, and has since found equally exciting and useful applications in the study of proteins, metabolites, toxins, viruses, whole cells and even tissues.

Microorganisms are the most diverse group of organisms and play important and distinctive roles in their ecosystems. They interact with their peers and other organisms (e.g., plants, animals) to form a complicated food web, significantly impacting ecosystem functions and services. However, understanding the diversity, composition, structure, function, activity, and dynamics of microbial communities remains challenging. Over the past decade, microarray-based technologies have been developed to address such challenges. This book is focused on current microarray technologies and their applications in environmental microbiology. In the first chapter, microarray technologies and applications are briefly introduced and, in following chapters, microarray probe design, development and evaluation, and data analysis are described in detail. In later chapters, more attention is paid to phylogenetic arrays (e.g., PhyloChip) and functional gene arrays (e.g., GeoChip). These generic tools - for analyzing microbial communities from disparate environments, ecosystems, and habitats (including soil, water, sediment, animals, and humans) - are described in detail with examples of specific applications. Also included are microarrays for analyzing microbial communities from specific environments, such as soil, bioleaching ecosystems, and human microbiomes, as well as microarrays for detecting specific microorganisms (e.g., pathogens) in the environment. The book's contributors also discuss the advantages and limitations of microarray technologies compared to high throughput sequencing technologies. This book is recommended for anyone working on microbial communities, biofilms, or environmental microbiology. [Subject: Microbiology, Life Science, Environmental Science]

In this new volume, renowned authors contribute fascinating, cutting-edge insights into microarray data analysis. Information on an array of topics is included in this innovative book including in-depth insights into presentations of genomic signal processing. Also detailed is the use of tiling arrays for large genomes analysis. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, offering step-by-step instructions, an introduction outlining the principles behind the technique, lists of the necessary equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding pitfalls.

Innovations in technology and new therapies have changed the face of medicine in the last few decades. These include advances in fetal diagnosis (preimplantation genetics, chorionic villous sampling and amniocentesis), drugs that have been developed to treat unique conditions in neonates such as respiratory distress syndrome (surfactant) and pulmonary hypertension (inhaled nitric oxide), as well as technological advances and interventions resulting in diagnostic (ultrasounds and MRI) and therapeutic interventions (intrauterine transfusion to ECMO). Research in fertility treatments has resulted in test tube babies and cloned animals, and that has also fostered technological advances in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The primary purpose of Innovations in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine is to highlight these innovations in technology and therapy that have not only changed the way doctors deliver care to fetus and neonate but also reduced neonatal mortality thereby saving millions of lives in the process. These issues are addressed by the authors who are experts in their respective fields. the book will be valuable not only to healthcare providers but also to educators and policy makers.

Artificial Intelligence applications build on a rich and proven theoretical background to provide solutions to a wide range of real life problems. The ever expanding abundance of information and computing power enables researchers and users to tackle higly interesting issues for the first time, such as applications providing personalized access and interactivity to multimodal information based on preferences and semantic concepts or human-machine interface systems utilizing information on the affective state of the user. The purpose of the 3rd IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations (AIAI) is to bring together researchers, engineers, and practitioners interested in the technical advances and business and industrial applications of intelligent systems. AIAI 2006 is focused on providing insights on how AI can be implemented in real world applications.

Innovative Leukemia and Lymphoma Therapy provides a complete and up-to-date overview of the exciting new treatment modalities in leukemia and lymphoma that are being introduced in the clinic today. Written by international experts in the field, this volume examines clinical studies on topics such as:tyrosine kinase inhibitors, histon deacetyla