Microwave Imaging

An introduction to the most relevant theoretical and algorithmic aspects of modern microwave imaging approaches Microwave imaging—a technique used in sensing a given scene by means of interrogating microwaves—has recently proven its usefulness in providing excellent diagnostic capabilities in several areas, including civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering. Microwave Imaging offers comprehensive descriptions of the most important techniques so far proposed for short-range microwave imaging—including reconstruction procedures and imaging systems and apparatus—enabling the reader to use microwaves for diagnostic purposes in a wide range of applications. This hands-on resource features: A review of the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem formulation, written from an engineering perspective and with notations The most effective reconstruction techniques based on diffracted waves, including time- and frequency-domain methods, as well as deterministic and stochastic space-domain procedures Currently proposed imaging apparatus, aimed at fast and accurate measurements of the scattered field data Insight on near field probes, microwave axial tomographs, and microwave cameras and scanners A discussion of practical applications with detailed descriptions and discussions of several specific examples (e.g., materials evaluation, crack detection, inspection of civil and industrial structures, subsurface detection, and medical applications) A look at emerging techniques and future trends Microwave Imaging is a practical resource for engineers, scientists, researchers, and professors in the fields of civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering.

Microwave Imaging Methods and Applications provides practitioners and researchers with a complete overview of the latest and most important noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for inspecting structures and bodies by using microwaves. Placing emphasis on applications, the book considers many areas, from medical imaging and security… to industrial engineering and subsurface prospection. For each application, readers are presented with the objectives of the inspection and related challenges. Moreover, this groundbreaking resource details computational methods that can be used to solve inverse problems related to specific applications. Including clear examples or the most significant practical results, this forward-looking reference focuses on systems that have been recently developed. Professionals gain the knowledge needed to compare imaging methods used in different applications and develop new uses of imaging apparatuses and systems.

Microwave imaging techniques allow for the development of systems that are able to inspect, identify, and characterize in a noninvasive fashion under different scenarios, ranging from biomedical to subsurface diagnostics as well as from surveillance and security applications to nondestructive evaluation. Such great opportunities, though, are actually severely limited by difficulties arising from the solution of the underlying inverse scattering problem. As a result, ongoing research efforts in this area are devoted to developing inversion strategies and experimental apparatus so that they are as reliable and accurate as possible with respect to reconstruction capabilities and resolution performance, respectively. The intent of this Special Issue is to present the experiences of leading scientists in the electromagnetic inverse scattering community, as well as to serve as an assessment tool for people who are new to the area of microwave imaging and electromagnetic inverse scattering problems.

A one-stop tutorial for beginners covering the fundamentals of microwave imaging, including application examples and practical exercises.

Handbook of Microwave and Optical Components Editor-in-Chief: Kai Chang This important, four-volume work covers recent developments in a field that continues to evolve at an extraordinarily rapid pace. The information given is almost entirely of a practical nature, with theoretical discussions and mathematical formulations given only where essential. Consequently, the Handbook is the definitive source guide for professionals working in optical and microwave engineering. It covers all important areas of microwave, millimeter-wave, submillimeter-wave, infrared, and optical frequency spectra—from essential principles, methods, design information, and references for solving all types of problems in high-frequency spectra. Volume 1: Microwave Passive and Antenna Components 1989 (0 471-61366-5) 907 pp. Volume 2: Microwave Solid-State Components 1990 (0 471-84365-2) 635 pp. Volume 3: Optical Components 1990 (0 471-61367-3) 616 pp. Volume 4: Fiber and Electro-Optical Components 1991 (0 471-61365-7) 484 pp. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology Editors: Glen Wade, Hua Lee, And Enders A. Robinson This interdisciplinary journal offers comprehensive coverage of the theory and applications of imaging technology. Papers are drawn from a wide range of areas—holography, optical processing, engineering, chemistry, radiology, geology, geography, astronomy, computer and materials science, and mathematics. The journal provides a single source for current information pertinent to engineers and specialists working in imaging technology, as well as a forum for the development of new technology.

This book collates past and current research on one of the most promising emerging modalities for breast cancer detection. Readers will discover how, as a standalone technology or in conjunction with another modality, microwave imaging has the potential to provide reliable, safe and comfortable breast exams at low cost. Current breast imaging modalities include X- ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Positron Emission Tomography. Each of these methods suffers from limitations, including poor sensitivity or specificity, high cost, patient discomfort, and exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation. Microwave breast imaging is based on a contrast in the dielectric properties of breast tissue that exists at microwave frequencies. The book begins by considering the anatomy and dielectric properties of the breast, contrasting historical and recent studies. Next, radar-based breast imaging algorithms are discussed, encompassing both early-stage artefact removal, and data independent and adaptive beamforming algorithms. In a similar fashion, microwave tomographic reconstruction algorithms are reviewed in the following chapter, introducing the reader to both the fundamental and more advanced algorithms. Apart from imaging, the book also reviews research efforts in extracting clinically useful information from the Radar Target Signature of breast tumours, which is used to classify tumours as either benign or malignant. Finally, the book concludes by describing the current state of the art in terms of prototype microwave breast imaging systems, with a particular emphasis on those which have progressed to the clinical evaluation stage. This work is motivated by the fact that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Europe and the US, and the second most common cancer in the world today. Such an important area of research will appeal to many scholars and practitioners.p>

This book presents ultrawideband antennas and their applications on microwave imaging. The chapters focus on recent techniques, analysis, and applications along with the future vision of this emerging field of applied electromagnetics. Several emerging topics are essayed, including dielectric resonator antennas and planar ultrawideband antennas for microwave imaging. This resource incorporates modern design concepts, analysis, and optimization techniques based on recent developments. Readers are also provided with an extensive overview of current regulations, including those related to microwave effects in biological tissues.

Microwave imagers featuring a fully electronic scanning are highly demanded in security, industrial, and medical applications. Planar multistatic arrays operating at close ranges offer exceptional image resolution and illumination coverage compared to conventional far-field imaging. Novel solutions for synthesizing multistatic arrays for close range imaging with a scalable topology are introduced in this work along with detailed experimental verifications in the millimeter-wave range. Consequently, an electronic microwave imager based on modern digital-beamforming techniques has been successfully realized. High quality imaging of humans has been demonstrated, which represents a key milestone for the future generations of personnel screening systems required for securing air traffic as well as critical infrastructures. The work establishes the theoretical foundations for designing electronic microwave imagers, while addressing the associated challenges, e.g., image reconstruction, illumination adjustment, signal processing, hardware architecture, calibration technique, and results interpretation. The achieved three-dimensional complex-valued images open vast opportunities for new applications to effectively utilize the advanced capabilities of microwave imaging.