Millimeter Wave Mmwave Communications

The millimeter-wave frequency band (30–300 GHz) is considered a potential candidate to host very high data rate communications. First used for high capacity radio links and then for broadband indoor wireless networks, the interest in this frequency band has increased as it is proposed to accommodate future 5G mobile communication systems. The large bandwidth available will enable a number of new uses for 5G. In addition, due to the large propagation attenuation, this frequency band may provide some additional advantages regarding frequency reuse and communication security. However, a number of issues have to be addressed to make mm-wave communications viable. This book collects a number of contributions that present solutions to these challenges.

The millimeter-wave frequency band (30-300 GHz) is considered a potential candidate to host very high data rate communications. First used for high capacity radio links and then for broadband indoor wireless networks, the interest in this frequency band has increased as it is proposed to accommodate future 5G mobile communication systems. The large bandwidth available will enable a number of new uses for 5G. In addition, due to the large propagation attenuation, this frequency band may provide some additional advantages regarding frequency reuse and communication security. However, a number of issues have to be addressed to make mm-wave communications viable. This book collects a number of contributions that present solutions to these challenges.

The Definitive, Comprehensive Guide to Cutting-Edge Millimeter Wave Wireless Design “This is a great book on mmWave systems that covers many aspects of the technology targeted for beginners all the way to the advanced users. The authors are some of the most credible scholars I know of who are well respected by the industry. I highly recommend studying this book in detail.” —Ali Sadri, Ph.D., Sr. Director, Intel Corporation, MCG mmWave Standards and Advanced Technologies Millimeter wave (mmWave) is today's breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mobile cellular networks, wireless local area networks, personal area networks, and vehicular communications. In the near future, mmWave applications, devices, and networks will change our world. In Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications, four of the field's pioneers, including Theodore S. Rappaport, Robert W. Heath, Robert C. Daniels, and James N. Murdock, draw on their vast experience to empower engineers at all levels to succeed with mmWave. They deliver fundamental, end-to-end coverage of all aspects of future mmWave wireless communications systems. The authors explain new multi-Gigabit per second products and applications, mmWave signal propagation, analog and digital circuit design, mmWave antenna designs, and current and emerging wireless standards. They cover comprehensive mmWave wireless design issues for 60 GHz and other mmWave bands, from channel to antenna to receiver, introducing emerging design techniques that will be invaluable for research engineers in both industry and academia. Topics include Digital communication: baseband signal/channel models, modulation, equalization, error control coding, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) principles, and hardware architectures Radio wave propagation characteristics: indoor and outdoor channel models and beam combining Antennas/antenna arrays, including on-chip and in-package antennas, fabrication, and packaging Analog circuit design: mmWave transistors, fabrication, and transceiver design approaches Baseband circuit design: multi–gigabit-per-second, high-fidelity DAC and ADC converters Physical layer: algorithmic choices, design considerations, and impairment solutions; and how to overcome clipping, quantization, and nonlinearity Higher-layer design: beam adaptation protocols, relaying, multimedia transmission, and multiband considerations 60 GHz standardization: IEEE 802.15.3c for WPAN, Wireless HD, ECMA-387, IEEE 802.11ad, Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig)

mmWave Massive MIMO: A Paradigm for 5G is the first book of its kind to hinge together related discussions on mmWave and Massive MIMO under the umbrella of 5G networks. New networking scenarios are identified, along with fundamental design requirements for mmWave Massive MIMO networks from an architectural and practical perspective. Working towards final deployment, this book updates the research community on the current mmWave Massive MIMO roadmap, taking into account the future emerging technologies emanating from 3GPP/IEEE. The book's editors draw on their vast experience in international research on the forefront of the mmWave Massive MIMO research arena and standardization. This book aims to talk openly about the topic, and will serve as a useful reference not only for postgraduates students to learn more on this evolving field, but also as inspiration for mobile communication researchers who want to make further innovative strides in the field to mark their legacy in the 5G arena. Contains tutorials on the basics of mmWave and Massive MIMO Identifies new 5G networking scenarios, along with design requirements from an architectural and practical perspective Details the latest updates on the evolution of the mmWave Massive MIMO roadmap, considering future emerging technologies emanating from 3GPP/IEEE Includes contributions from leading experts in the field in modeling and prototype design for mmWave Massive MIMO design Presents an ideal reference that not only helps postgraduate students learn more in this evolving field, but also inspires mobile communication researchers towards further innovation

Spectrum scarcity is a longstanding problem in mobile telecommunications networks. Specifically, accommodating the ever-growing data rate and communications demand in the extensively used spectrum between 800 MHz and 6 GHz is becoming more challenging. For this reason, in the last years, communications in the millimeterwave (mm-wave) frequency range (30-300 GHz) have attracted the interest of many researchers, who consider mm-wave communications a key enabler for upcoming generations of mobile communications, i.e., 5G and 6G. However, the signal propagation in the mm-wave frequency range is subject to more challenging conditions. High path loss and penetration loss may lead to short-range communications and frequent transmission interruptions when the signal path between the transmitter and the receiver is blocked. In this dissertation, we analyze and optimize techniques that enhance the robustness and reliability of mm-wave communications. In the first part, we focus on approaches that allow user equipment (UE) to establish and maintain connections with multiple access points (APs) or relays, i.e., multi-connectivity (MC) and relaying techniques, to increase link failure robustness. In such scenarios, an inefficient link scheduling, i.e., over or under-provisioning of connections, can lead to either high interference and energy consumption or unsatisfied user’s quality of service (QoS) requirements. In the first paper, we propose a novel link scheduling algorithm for network throughput maximization with constrained resources and quantify the potential gain of MC. As a complementary approach, in the second paper, we solve the problem of minimizing allocated resources while satisfying users’ QoS requirements for mm-wave MC scenarios. To deal with the channel uncertainty and abrupt blockages, we propose a learning-based solution, of which the results highlight the tradeoff between reliability and allocated resource. In the third paper, we perform throughput and delay analysis of a multi-user mm-wave wireless network assisted by a relay. We show the benefits of cooperative networking and the effects of directional communications on relay-aided mm-wave communications. These, as highlighted by the results, are characterized by a tradeoff between throughput and delay and are highly affected by the beam alignment duration and transmission strategy (directional or broadcast). The second part of this dissertation focuses on problems related to mm-wave communications in industrial scenarios, where robots and new industrial applications require high data rates, and stringent reliability and latency requirements. In the fourth paper, we consider a multi-AP mm-wave wireless network covering an industrial plant where multiple moving robots need to be connected. We show how the joint optimization of robots’ paths and the robot-AP associations can increase mm-wave robustness by decreasing the number of handovers and avoiding coverage holes. Finally, the fifth paper considers scenarios where robot-AP communications are assisted by an intelligent reflective surface (IRS). We show that the joint optimization of beamforming and trajectory of the robot can minimize the motion energy consumption while satisfying time and communication QoS constraints. Moreover, the proposed solution exploits a radio map to prevent collisions with obstacles and to increase mm-wave communication robustness by avoiding poorly covered areas.

The large spectral channels at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies provide a means of achieving much higher data rates in vehicular communication systems. High data rates can be used for exchanging low-level sensing data (i.e., without much processing) or for infotainment applications to improve traffic safety and efficiency as well as user experience onboard. This monograph provides an overview of mmWave vehicular communication with an emphasis on results on channel measurements, the physical (PHY) layer, and the medium access control (MAC) layer. The main objective is to summarize key findings in each area, with special attention paid to identifying important topics of future research. In addition to surveying existing work, some new simulation results are also presented to give insights on the effect of directionality and blockage, which are the two distinguishing features of mmWave vehicular channels. A main conclusion of this monograph is that given the renewed interest in high rate vehicle connectivity, many challenges remain in the design of a mmWave vehicular network.

This book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth study on efficient beamforming design and rigorous performance analysis in mmWave networks, covering beam alignment, beamforming training and beamforming-aided caching. Due to significant beam alignment latency between the transmitter and the receiver in existing mmWave systems, this book proposes a machine learning based beam alignment algorithm for mmWave networks to determine the optimal beam pair with a low latency. Then, to analyze and enhance the performance of beamforming training (BFT) protocol in 802.11ad mmWave networks, an analytical model is presented to evaluate the performance of BFT protocol and an enhancement scheme is proposed to improve its performance in high user density scenarios. Furthermore, it investigates the beamforming-aided caching problem in mmWave networks, and proposes a device-to-device assisted cooperative edge caching to alleviate backhaul congestion and reduce content retrieval delay. This book concludes with future research directions in the related fields of study. The presented beamforming designs and the corresponding research results covered in this book, provides valuable insights for practical mmWave network deployment and motivate new ideas for future mmWave networking. This book targets researchers working in the fields of mmWave networks, beamforming design, and resource management as well as graduate students studying the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering and computer science. Professionals in industry who work in this field will find this book useful as a reference.

Explore foundational and advanced issues in UAV cellular communications with this cutting-edge and timely new resource UAV Communications for 5G and Beyond delivers a comprehensive overview of the potential applications, networking architectures, research findings, enabling technologies, experimental measurement results, and industry standardizations for UAV communications in cellular systems. The book covers both existing LTE infrastructure, as well as future 5G-and-beyond systems. UAV Communications covers a range of topics that will be of interest to students and professionals alike. Issues of UAV detection and identification are discussed, as is the positioning of autonomous aerial vehicles. More fundamental subjects, like the necessary tradeoffs involved in UAV communication are examined in detail. The distinguished editors offer readers an opportunity to improve their ability to plan and design for the near-future, explosive growth in the number of UAVs, as well as the correspondingly demanding systems that come with them. Readers will learn about a wide variety of timely and practical UAV topics, like: Performance measurement for aerial vehicles over cellular networks, particularly with respect to existing LTE performance Inter-cell interference coordination with drones Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) for Cellular UAV communications, including beamforming, null-steering, and the performance of forward-link C&C channels 3GPP standardization for cellular-supported UAVs, including UAV traffic requirements, channel modeling, and interference challenges Trajectory optimization for UAV communications Perfect for professional engineers and researchers working in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV Communications for 5G and Beyond also belongs on the bookshelves of students in masters and PhD programs studying the integration of UAVs into cellular communication systems.