Move Towards Zero Hunger

Some geographic regions around the globe that are rich in terms of modern agriculture technologies, face a dilemma when it comes to storing excess produce, such as grains and even seasonal fruits and vegetable. They are often forced to destroy the surplus agricultural products due to the constraints of poor logistic systems, food warehouses and micro-economy system management. In contrast, millions of people in extreme rural areas are suffering from hunger and poverty. This book offers suggestions to resolve the problems of food security and poverty in rural areas and ensure minimum social justice so that those in rural areas have regular access to food and shelter. It also discusses how to develop sustainable foundations in extreme rural locations using indigenous resources to tackle issues like hunger, malnutrition, and chronic health problems.

In 2015, the United Nations decided to establish the goal of achieving “zero hunger” in the world by 2030 through “outcome targets” such as eliminating hunger and improving access to food, ending all forms of malnutrition, promoting sustainable and resilient agriculture, and maintaining genetic diversity in food production. As a result of this decision, strategies are under way in different countries around the world in the form of political, academic, development, and non-governmental organization projects and programs. Five years later, these strategies have certainly generated results that need to be documented and analyzed so as to answer the following questions: what are the progress and success stories in terms of policies, innovations, technologies, and approaches to reach the zero hunger goal? What are the constraints and mitigation strategies? Are we really in a phase of transition towards the zero hunger goal? What new directions do we need to consider to achieve this goal, particularly in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, which affects all sectors of development around the world? Transitioning to Zero Hunger is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world. Transitioning to Sustainability aims to add to the conversation about regional and global sustainable development according to the 17 SDGs. The book series is intended to reach beyond disciplinary, even academic boundaries.

This book showcases a unique collection of images documenting how FAO has played a leading role in combating hunger worldwide since 1945. It highlights the Organization’s ongoing efforts to help its Members achieve “zero hunger” in a changing world that is facing new and pressing challenges from migration and climate change. The foreword by the FAO Director-General and the introduction to zero hunger by the Director of the FAO Office for Corporate Communication provide the context for FAO’s work and a real-life example of how “zero hunger” can change people’s lives for the better. In addition, there are profiles of the five recently appointed FAO Special Goodwill Ambassadors for Zero Hunger. Next, the photos and their captions, with some accompanying text, illustrate FAO’s work and significant moments in its history. Thus, the reader can see the single frames in the context of the whole picture.

Under ongoing climate change, natural and cultivated habitats of major food crops are being continuously disturbed. Such condition accelerates to impose stress effects like abiotic and biotic stressors. Drought, salinity, flood, cold, heat, heavy metals, metalloids, oxidants, irradiation etc. are important abiotic stresses; and diseases and infections caused by plant pathogens viz. fungal agents, bacteria and viruses are major biotic stresses. As a result, these harsh environments affect crop productivity and its biology in multiple complex paradigms. As stresses become the limiting factors for agricultural productivity and exert detrimental role on growth and yield of the crops, scientists and researchers are challenged to maintain global food security for a rising world population. This two-volume work highlights the fast-moving agricultural research on crop improvement through the stress mitigation strategies, with specific focuses on crop biology and their response to climatic instabilities. Together with "Climate Resilient Agriculture, Vol 1: Crop Responses and Agroecological Perspectives", it covers a wide range of topics under environmental challenges, agronomy and agriculture processes, and biotechnological approaches, uniquely suitable for scientists, researchers and students working in the fields of agriculture, plant science, environmental biology and biotechnology.

There has been a recent explosion of active concern in matters ofanimal welfare. The science behind animal welfare has progressedsignificantly, new codes of practice and legislation have come intoto being, and innovative methods to assess welfare schemes for foodproduction have emerged. Part of a major animal welfare series, Animal Welfare: LimpingTowards Eden is John Webster’s new and groundbreaking work onanimal welfare. Building on his first book, the highly acclaimedAnimal Welfare: A Cool Eye Towards Eden, it not only criticallyreviews areas of development, but looks to how animal welfare canbe improved in the future. Special consideration is given to: Defining animal welfare (‘fit and happy’) andestablishing a systematic approach for its evaluation (the‘five freedoms’); Providing a sound ethical framework that affords properrespect to animals within the broader context of our duties ascitizens to the welfare of society; Developing comprehensive, robust protocols for assessinganimal welfare and the provisions that constitute goodhusbandry; Introducing an education policy that will increase humanawareness of animal welfare problems and promote action to reducesuffering. This book is part of theUFAW/Wiley-Blackwell Animal Welfare Book Series. This majorseries of books produced in collaboration between UFAW (TheUniversities Federation for Animal Welfare), and Wiley-Blackwellprovides an authoritative source of information on worldwidedevelopments, current thinking and best practice in the field ofanimal welfare science and technology. For details of all of thetitles in the series see ahref="http://www.wiley.com/go/ufaw"www.wiley.com/go/ufaw/a.

Mountain food security and nutrition are core issues that can contribute positively to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals but paradoxically are often ignored in Zero Hunger and poverty reduction-related agenda. Under the overall leadership of José Graziano da Silva, the Former Director-General of FAO, sustainable mountain agriculture development is set as a priority in Asia and the Pacific, to effectively address this issue and assist Member Countries in tackling food insecurity and malnutrition in mountain regions. This comprehensive publication is the first of its kind that focuses on the multidimensional status, challenges, opportunities and solutions of sustainable mountain agriculture development for Zero Hunger in Asia. This publication is building on the ‘International Workshop and Regional Expert Consultation on Mountain Agriculture Development and Food Security and Nutrition Governance’, held by FAO RAP and UIR in November 2018 Beijing, in collaboration with partners from national governments, national agriculture institutes, universities, international organizations and international research institutes. The publication provides analysis with evidence on how mountain agriculture could contribute to satisfying all four dimensions of food security, to transform food systems to be nutrition-sensitive, climate-resilient, economically-viable and locally adaptable. From this food system perspective, the priority should be given to focus on specialty mountain product identification (e.g. Future Smart Food), production, processing, marketing and consumption, which would effectively expose the potential of mountain agriculture to contribute to Zero Hunger and poverty reduction. In addition, eight Asian country case studies not only identify context-specific challenges within biophysical-technical, policy, socio-economic and institutional dimensions.

Proceedings of the High-Level Meeting “Renewed Partnership to End Hunger in Africa by 2025-Five Years Later: Taking Stock of Progress and Lessons in Light of the Sustainable Development Goals”, which took place on 27 January 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The event held on the margins of the 30th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the African Union presented results of the progress made in the Implementation of the Malabo Declaration with particular emphasis on Commitment 3: Ending Hunger in Africa by 2025; and identified areas of success, as well as specific areas that need to be strengthened both at national and regional levels to drive actions towards the 2030 Agenda and particularly in the eradication of hunger.

Communicating Process Architecture (CPA) describes an approach to system development that is process-oriented. It makes no great distinction between hardware and software. It has a major root in the theory of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). However, the underlying theory is not limited to CSP. The importance of mobility of both channel and process within a network sees integration with ideas from the ð-calculus. Other formalisms are also exploited, such as BSP and MPI. The focus is on sound methods for the engineering of significant concurrent systems, including those that are distributed (across the Internet or within a single chip) and/or software-scheduled on a single execution unit. Traditionally, at CPA, the emphasis has been on theory and practice - developing and applying tools based upon CSP and related theories to build high-integrity systems of significant size. In particular, interest focuses on achieving scalability and security against error. The development of Java, C, and C++, libraries to facilitate secure concurrent programming using 'mainstream' languages has allowed CPA to continue and proliferate. This work continues in support of the engineering of distributed applications. Recently, there has been greater reference to theory and its more direct application to programming systems and languages. In this volume the formal CSP is very well presented. The papers provide a healthy mixture of the academic and commercial, software and hardware, application and infrastructure, which reflects the nature of the discipline.