Multidimensional Inequalities

Multidimensional Inequalities is a deep dive into the historical contexts and contemporary realities that negatively influence society and its structures. It is often overlooked that inequality is not just about income and wealth but rather a broad spectrum of intersecting factors. This book focuses on each aspect individually, analysing its effect on welfare systems, and informs about the instruments available to reduce inequality.

Multidimensional Inequalities is a deep dive into the historical contexts and contemporary realities that negatively influence society and its structures. It is often overlooked that inequality is not just about income and wealth but rather a broad spectrum of intersecting factors. This book focuses on each aspect individually, analysing its effect on welfare systems, and informs about the instruments available to reduce inequality.

This book aims to empirically and theoretically study how the economic growth and inequality affected China’s rural poverty since China’s reform and opening-up. Apart from the trickle-down effect, some empirical researches show that rising inequality usually links with unfairly shared of the economic growth, which is not good for the poor, and this book particularly concerns with the impact of inequality on poverty reduction. In 11 chapters, it leads readers to review the dynamic changes of rural poverty in China, and estimates rural poverty by various methods, for instance, with analysis by monetary poverty (including income and expenditure poverty), multidimensional poverty, absolute poverty, and relative poverty. Especially attention is paid to apply the “growth-inequality-poverty triangle” model for long-term poverty dynamic changes evaluation. The book revisits poverty reduction strategies in different development periods for rural China and evaluates the poverty eradication achievements stage-by-stage under different analytical methods, in order to provide an objective assessment. Among the chapters, pro-poor growth, Shapley decomposition, poverty elasticity, density estimation, multidimensional poverty analysis, and policy simulation methods are applied for both national wide discussion and rural sub-group heterogeneity analysis. In addition to students, teachers, and researchers in the areas of development, economic growth, equity, and welfare, the book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners, and non‐government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing poverty-related issues in the developing countries.

For more than a century, the study of various types of inequalities has been the focus of great attention by many researchers, interested both in the theory and its applications. In particular, there exists a very rich literature related to the well known Cebysev, Gruss, Trapezoid, Ostrowski, Hadamard and Jensen type inequalities. The present monograph is an attempt to organize recent progress related to the above inequalities, which we hope will widen the scope of their applications. The field to be covered is extremely wide and it is impossible to treat all of these here. The material included in the monograph is recent and hard to find in other books. It is accessible to any reader with a reasonable background in real analysis and an acquaintance with its related areas. All results are presented in an elementary way and the book could also serve as a textbook for an advanced graduate course. The book deserves a warm welcome to those who wish to learn the subject and it will also be most valuable as a source of reference in the field. It will be invaluable reading for mathematicians and engineers and also for graduate students, scientists and scholars wishing to keep abreast of this important area of research.

Unequal life-chances became a key feature of cross-border migration to, and within, the enlarged Europe. Combining transnational, intersectional and cultural-sociological perspectives, this book develops a conceptual tool to analyse patterns, contexts and mechanisms of these cross-border inequalities. This book synthesizes the theories of social boundaries and of intersectionality, approaching cross-border relations as socially generated and as an inherent element of contemporary social inequalities. It analyses the mechanisms of cross-border inequalities as ‘regimes of intersection’ relating spatialized cross-border inequalities to other types of unequal social relations (in terms of gender, ethnicity/race, class etc.). The conceptual arguments are supported by empirical research on cross-border migration in Europe: migration of scientists and care workers between Ukraine and Germany. This book integrates the analysis of space – including cross-border categories of global and transnational – into intersectionally-informed studies of social inequalities. Broadly, it will appeal to scholars and students in the areas of sociology, political sciences, social anthropology and social geography. In particular, it will interest researchers concerned with transnational and global social inequalities, the interplay of the categories ‘gender’, ‘ethnicity’ and ‘class’ on the one hand and global and transnational relations on the other, theories of space and society, and migration and mobility in Europe.

"A treatise on finite difference ineuqalities that have important applications to theories of various classes of finite difference and sum-difference equations, including several linear and nonlinear finite difference inequalities appearing for the first time in book form."

This monograph presents univariate and multivariate classical analyses of advanced inequalities. This treatise is a culmination of the author's last thirteen years of research work. The chapters are self-contained and several advanced courses can be taught out of this book. Extensive background and motivations are given in each chapter with a comprehensive list of references given at the end. The topics covered are wide-ranging and diverse. Recent advances on Ostrowski type inequalities, Opial type inequalities, Poincare and Sobolev type inequalities, and HardyOpial type inequalities are examined. Works on ordinary and distributional Taylor formulae with estimates for their remainders and applications as well as ChebyshevGruss, Gruss and Comparison of Means inequalities are studied. The results presented are mostly optimal, that is the inequalities are sharp and attained. Applications in many areas of pure and applied mathematics, such as mathematical analysis, probability, ordinary and partial differential equations, numerical analysis, information theory, etc., are explored in detail, as such this monograph is suitable for researchers and graduate students. It will be a useful teaching material at seminars as well as an invaluable reference source in all science libraries.

This book adopts a multidimensional approach to analyze both the historical and emerging factors that contribute to make Latin America and the Caribbean the most unequal region in the world. Social inequality is a historical characteristic of the region, but at the beginning of the 21st century, a handful of progressive governments seemed to be adopting policies that could reduce this historical trend. Many of these efforts, however, were blocked or reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which both exposed the persistence of historical trends and contributed to the emergency of new forms of inequality in the region. The different chapters in this contributed volume adopt a multidimensional, intersectional, perspective to analyze both the persistence and the emergency of social devices of production and reproduction of inequalities in the diverse Latin American and Caribbean temporal spatialities. The issues analyzed in the different chapters revolve around four main axes: a) persistence of generational and intergenerational inequalities; b) structural gender inequality; c) intertwined social inequalities: race, class and social structure and; c) historical and economic dimension of inequality. Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America: A Multidimensional Approach will be of interest to researchers interested in the study of social inequality and social justice in different fields of the human and social sciences, such as sociology, political science, history, economics, anthropology and education. It will also be a valuable tool for policy makers and social activists engaged in the discussion, advocacy and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing social inequalities.