Natural Computation

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the computational material that forms the underpinnings of the currently evolving set of brain models. It is now clear that the brain is unlikely to be understood without recourse to computational theories. The theme of An Introduction to Natural Computation is that ideas from diverse areas such as neuroscience, information theory, and optimization theory have recently been extended in ways that make them useful for describing the brains programs. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the computational material that forms the underpinnings of the currently evolving set of brain models. It stresses the broad spectrum of learning models—ranging from neural network learning through reinforcement learning to genetic learning—and situates the various models in their appropriate neural context. To write about models of the brain before the brain is fully understood is a delicate matter. Very detailed models of the neural circuitry risk losing track of the task the brain is trying to solve. At the other extreme, models that represent cognitive constructs can be so abstract that they lose all relationship to neurobiology. An Introduction to Natural Computation takes the middle ground and stresses the computational task while staying near the neurobiology.

This book and its sister volumes, i.e., LNCS vols. 3610, 3611, and 3612, are the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC 2005), jointly held with the 2nd International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD 2005, LNAI vols. 3613 and 3614) from 27 to 29 August 2005 in Changsha, Hunan, China.

This book discusses the recent advances in natural computation, fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery. Presenting selected, peer-reviewed papers from the 15th International Conference on Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (ICNC-FSKD 2019), held in Kunming, China, from 20 to 22 July 2019, it is a useful resource for researchers, including professors and graduate students, as well as R&D staff in industry.

The two-volume set LNCS 5601 and LNCS 5602 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Work-Conference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2009, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in June 2009. The 108 revised papers presented are thematically divided into two volumes. The first volume includes papers relating the most recent collaborations with Professor Mira and contributions mainly related with theoretical, conceptual and methodological aspects linking AI and knowledge engineering with neurophysiology, clinics and cognition. The second volume contains all the contributions connected with biologically inspired methods and techniques for solving AI and knowledge engineering problems in different application domains.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation, UCNC 2015, held in Auckland, New Zealand, in August/September 2015. The 16 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 38 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics including among others molecular (DNA) computing; quantum computing; optical computing; chaos computing; physarum computing; computation in hyperbolic spaces; collision-based computing; cellular automata; neural computation; evolutionary computation; swarm intelligence; nature-inspired algorithms; artificial immune systems; artificial life; membrane computing; amorphous computing; computational systems biology; genetic networks; protein-protein networks; transport networks; synthetic biology; cellular (in vivo) computing; and computations beyond the Turing model and philosophical aspects of computing.

The Fuzzy Systems, Knowledge Discovery, and Natural Computation Symposium (FSKDNC 2013) was successfully held from 24 to 25 July 2013, in Shenyang, China. The Symposium was a platform for authors to present their recent development on fuzzy systems, knowledge discovery, and natural computation (i.e., intelligent techniques inspired from nature, such as neural networks, genetic algorithms, and particle swarm optimization). The Symposium attracted numerous submissions from around the globe. Each submitted paper was rigorously reviewed by the program committee and additional reviewers based on originality, significance and quality of the research, clarity of the presentation, and relevance to the Symposium theme. 60 papers are included in the Symposium proceedings after the review process. The great efforts of the authors, the Organizing Committee members, the Program Committee members, and the additional reviewers are acknowledged here. The Symposium would not have been possible without the support from Liaoning Technical University. The professional and courteous staff from DEStech Publications, Inc also deserves special credits.

Designed for the MIT course, "Natural Computation, this extensive book of readings combines mathematics, artificial intelligence, computer science, experimental psychology, and neurophysiology in studying perception. Mathematics is emphasized for making perceptual inferences and the spectrum of mathematical techniques used is very broad. While the more than thirty readings focus primarily on vision, they also encompass the study of sound perception and the interpretation and application of forces including movement.Each article is a self contained example of how a perceptual problem may be tackled and solved. For example, what makes wood look like wood not like stone, sand, or grass? How can we represent three dimensional shapes when the same shape is rarely seen in exactly the same way? Each of the five sections is preceded by an introduction and the book concludes with problem sets.Whitman A. Richards is Professor in the Brain and Cognitive Science Department at MIT. A Bradford Book.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Computer Science - Programming, grade: 1, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Vienna (Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme), language: English, abstract: From the sector "Natural Computing" (simulation of natural Phenomena, hardware from nature, nature borrowed methods, etc.), the area "Biological inspired Computing" is selected and described. A systematic literature analysis of this field of research over the past 30 years shows that after a boom in neural networks in the 1990s, in the last five years genetic algorithms, including particularly the methods of genetic programming, came to the foreground. In this heuristic procedure computer programs are optimized in an iterative loop. In the startup phase, programs will be randomly generated. In a frequently recurring cycle, the steps program execution, evaluation of results (determination of fitness); selection and diversification (especially crossover and mutation) are used to "grow" better programs from generation to generation. This work shows criteria to decide in favor of whether or not to use genetic programming. Proven and experimental methods are presented for all phases of the optimization process, and one will find a short survey on how far these methods correlate to their natural role model. This thesis also refers to common problems such as Bloat. A library of methods collected by the author forms a mixture of a cookbook and a toolbox to be used in Genetic Programming. Finally, this thesis provides some examples where with the help of genetic programming award-winning practical applications have been created, which in many cases have outperformed conventionally obtained results.